Does the Internet make us smarter Free Essay Example, 1250 words

According to a research conducted, â€Å"A new study shows that using the Internet can actually change  your brain function. The UCLA experiment involved 24 adults, between 55 and 78 years old. Twelve of these individuals were inexperienced Internet users, while the other 12 that served as a control group were frequent users. An MRI scan was given before and after a two-week Internet training period, when the participants searched the Internet for an hour a day for seven days total. When the inexperienced group was scanned again while using the net, areas of the brain involved in decision making and working memory showed more activity. The group of frequent users that were experienced in using the Internet showed more activity in areas of the brain related to complex reasoning. Overall there was an increase in both users brain function. † (Bruny, Melissa) This displays that the internet truly helps in making a person smarter. (Collin, Thomas J) At the same time however, there are many authors who say that the internet involves making people dumber, than or not as smart as they think they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Does the Internet make us smarter or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Furthermore, social networking websites are the worst form of time wasting sources on the internet. These websites consist of people visiting each other’s profiles for hours without realising how much time they have spent doing absolutely nothing but talking to one another. Chatting on the internet, especially with strangers, is not even a safe mode of conduct to follow, which could land people into trouble. However, people do these things, and it does not necessarily make them smarter. According to a writer, â€Å"Our minds are under attack. At least that’s what I keep hearing these days. Thumbing away at our text messages, we are becoming illiterate. † (Zimmer, Carl) He states that instead of search engines like ‘Google’ making a person smarter, they are only leading to making people stupid. This is because of the vast amount of unnecessary information and websites that it has stocked as opposed to pages that actually help people attain smartness.

Up from Slavery - 1524 Words

An Analysis of â€Å"Up from Slavery† In the autobiography â€Å"Up from Slavery†, Brooke T. Washington describes his early life as a slave and at the end he tells about his speech at the Atlanta Exposition. Washington grows up on a plantation in Virginia with his mother, brother and sister. He does not know much about his father besides that he is white and lives on another plantation. He talks about his â€Å"not especially cruel† owners and the unknown history of his ancestry. Washington lives in the plantation kitchen where his mother works as the plantation cook. In the first chapter he describes the place he lives in and duties he has to fulfill as a slave. Further on he talks about education and about how the life as slave during war is.†¦show more content†¦Through the first point of view the audience gets an vivid picture of the atmosphere and difficulty of the work in the coal-mine. Washington tells about the â€Å"blackest darkness† he experienced with his eyes and he always was i n fear. He is sharing his own experiences with accidents inside the mine. He uses examples of explosions and falling objects to show the dangerous part of his job. With the help of real experiences from the narrator the audience gets a better understanding of the hard and dangerous work of slaves. In â€Å"Up from Slavery†, Washington talks about nights when his mother brings chicken home and how he was not sure where she got it from. Boston might have an answer to those events. He says that slaves on plantations did not get much to eat and therefore sometimes stole food from their masters. Since Washington’s mother worked as a cook in the plantation kitchen readers can assume that she sneaked chicken out of the kitchen every now and then even though Washington did not see it as theft. At the time it took place he did not believe that his â€Å"mother was guilty of thieving† (Washington, 676). As a slave himself, Washington is also able to talk about fact of his fellows. In his speech he gives the fact that â€Å"one-third of the population in the South is Negro race† (Washington, 690). This statistic is confirmed by Boston as he says that in a city in the south â€Å"the enslaved numbered almost 40,000,Show MoreRelatedSalvage The Bones And Up From Slavery2002 Words   |  9 Pagesthey also struggled a lot from back in the day. â€Å"Salvage the Bones† and â€Å"Up from Slavery provides examples from all of those themes. Family is one of the main themes in Salvage the Bones. The story reflects on how family helped them get through a lot. Up from slavery also tells us about family. It’s similar to Salvage the Bones, but in a different perspective. Everyone would agree that African Americans had to struggle more than the white people, and â€Å"Up from Slavery† and â€Å"Salvage the Bones provideRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Up From Slavery 2231 Words   |  9 PagesBooker Taliaferro Washington was born into a slave family in a plantation in Hale’s Ford, Franklin County, Virginia in 1856. This paper offers a book report of his autobi ography, ‘Up from slavery’. The author rose to become one of the most influential (black) leaders in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. He is widely considered as an advocate for improved race relations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, with special focus on social development of the blacksRead MoreThe Soul of Black Folk and Up from Slavery1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Soul of Black Folk and Up From Slavery The turn of the 19th century was a time in American history that brought with it major economic, cultural, and political changes. The Reconstruction era and Gilded Age had ended with rising influential Jim Crow laws, which made a clear division among the American population. The publishing of Booker T. Washingtons, Up from Slavery and W. E. B. Du Boiss, The Souls of Black Folk both occurred in the early 1900s when oppression of the black race in AmericaRead MoreAnalysis Of Booker s Up From Slavery 1891 Words   |  8 PagesBooker Taliaferro Washington began his life in slavery on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia in 1856. In United States during this time, slavery was instituted and Washington’s very first moments began as the victim of the atrocity. In his autobiography, ‘Up from Slavery,’ Washington characterizes the events of his life and offers a unique perspective on the racial prejudice and segregation that he endured. Through his written works an d constant effort to better the lives of blacks, duringRead More Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages The book, Up From Slavery, written by Booker Taliaferro Washington, profoundly touched me when I read it. Washington overcame many obstacles throughout his life. He became perhaps the most prominent black leader of his time. Booker T. Washington belived that African Americans could gain equality by improving their economic situation through education rather than by demanding equal rights. Washington’s life story was told during the mid to late 1800’s into the early 1900’s, in theRead MoreUp From Slavery, by Booker T. Washington Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesBooker T. Washington was a young black male born into the shackles of Southern slavery. With the Union victory in the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, Washington’s family and blacks in the United States found hope in a new opportunity, freedom. Washington saw this freedom as an opportunity to pursue a practical education. Through perseverance and good fortunes, Washington was able to attain that education at Hampton National Institute. At Hampton, his experiences and beliefsRead MoreAnalysis Of Up From Slavery By Booker T. Washington779 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jim Crow laws to complicate African American lives by segregating them and giving them unequal opportunities to work, education, and etc. As a result, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Dubois work on achie ving equality and civil rights. On Up from Slavery, Booker T. Washington argues that â€Å"It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercise of these privileges.†1 Washington implies that African Americans need toRead MoreThe Five Most Important Ideas in Up from Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Up from Slavery† is an autobiography written by Booker T. Washington. The book mainly talks about Washington’s life and how he had over come a lot of obstacles to reach his success. The book teaches us a lot of things, some of them are still useful today. There are five significant ideas that Booker wanted the readers to learn from his book; these five things are: education, slavery, work, the relationship between two races and the meaning of success. The most obvious and significant idea ofRead MoreEssay about Booker T. Washingtons Up From Slavery2557 Words   |  11 PagesBooker T. Washingtons Up From Slavery The autobiography of Booker T. Washing titled Up From Slavery is a rich narrative of the mans life from slavery to one of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute. The book takes us through one of the most dynamic periods in this countrys history, especially African Americans. I am very interested in the period following the Civil War and especially in the transformation of African Americans from slaves to freemen. Up From Slavery provides a great dealRead MoreEssay about Booker T. Washington: Up from Slavery2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe autobiography of Booker T. Washing titled Up From Slavery is a rich narrative of the mans life from slavery to one of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute. The book takes us through one of the most dynamic periods in this countrys history, especially African Americans. I am very interested in the period following the Civil War and especially in the transformation of African Americans from slaves to freemen. Up From Slavery provides a great deal of information on this time period and helped

Relationship Between Ethical And Abusive Coaching...

The study â€Å"The Relationship Between Ethical and Abusive Coaching Behaviors and Student-Athlete Well-Being† was conducted by Mariya A. Yukhymenko-Lescroart, Michael E. Brown, and Thomas S. Paskus, and was published in the journal Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. The researchers sought to understand the effects that a coach’s behavior had on a student’s morals, satisfaction, and impressions of team unity. Social-cognitive theory has long thought that we learn by imitating those around us, particularly those in leadership positions. The coaches of sports teams are especially prominent models in a student athlete’s life, given that they have actual authority over the student’s life. The idea of self-efficacy, which suggests that an†¦show more content†¦Coaches were first asked if their teams would participate, and if the coach approved, the students were given surveys to fill out with the assurance that it was voluntary and con fidential. Coaches were asked not to be present as the students filled out the surveys, which consisted of nineteen Likert-scale questions. 40.8% of the students were female, and the entire sample was primarily white, although 15.4% were black and 12.5% were â€Å"other.† This study had five main variables. First, the â€Å"inclusion climate,† or how unified the students felt their team was. This was measured by three questions on a 1 to 6 scale. Next was â€Å"willingness to cheat,† or the perceived readiness of fellow teammates to be dishonest, which was measured by a 1 to 5 scale question. Also measured was the â€Å"college choice satisfaction,† or how content the students felt about their choice of college. This was measured by three questions on a 1 to 7 scale. Next was â€Å"ethical leadership,† or whether the student felt that the coach was running the team with positive morals. It was measured by six questions on a 1 to 5 scale. Last was â€Å"abusive coaching behavior,† or how the students felt about their coach’s amount of abuse or lack thereof. This was assessed with three questions on a 1 to 5 scale. The perceived ethical climate of the school (measured via three 1 to 5 scale items), as well as th e gender of the team, how much media attention the teamShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ethical Principles1469 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Principles John Durham III PSY/305 March 7, 2016 Dr. Daven Salmi Ethical Principles Introduction The ethical issue that I chose to examine was an article about the relationship between ethical and abusive coaching behaviors and student-athlete well-being. I found this article very interesting because not a lot of people are aware of the ethical issues that have been and are currently going on in the athletic background. Believe it or not there are many ethical issues that relateRead MoreEthical And Abusive Coaching Behaviors And Student Athlete Well Being1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe article, The relationship between ethical and abusive coaching behaviors and student-athlete well-being by Mariya A. Yukhymenko-Lescroart, Michael E. Brown, and Thomas S. Paskus questions how coaches impact the athletes on their team and how it then affects those athletes. It is interesting because you never really see what goes on between a coach and an athlete unless you take a closer look. Many athletes rely on their coaches to do more than just coach them. In a way, they are guiding themRea d MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 PagesHuman Resource Management (MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizationsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Gun Control in the United States Essay - 1360 Words

Mass-shootings — defined by the FBI as four or more murders occurring during the same calamity, with no distinctive time period between the homicides (Serial Murder) — have stricken across the United States at the rate of about one every two weeks since 2006 (Database of Mass Shootings, 2006-2013). This abysmal statistic has rightfully triggered much debate concerning gun restraints. The theory of gun control pertains towards any efforts intended to regulate, define, or limit the possession, production, sales, and use of guns. Since its conception, the Second Amendment — guaranteeing the â€Å"right to bear arms† — has been wildly controversial. Gun control advocates suggest that confining gun ownership would reduce the number of violent†¦show more content†¦Fully automatic firearms rapidly fire multiple bullets with the single pull of the trigger. In the United States, there are relatively modest limits regarding gun ownership. The nation has a population of about 315 million with an estimated total of guns privately held by US civilians at 270 million, tallying a rate of 88.9 firearms per 100 people (America’s Gun Culture in the World). â€Å"Every day of the year, an average of 33 Americans are murdered with guns,† (Webster and Vernick xi). There are 31,000 gun deaths per year in the nation, including 19,000 suicides, many of which are children. Nationally, 51 percent of suicides are by guns (Webster and Vernick xv). The level of carnage America encounters daily is unmistakably palpable. Gun violence is patently one of the leading causes of mortality in the United States, thus the pros and cons of gun legislations must be free of any biases and meticulously examined. Since the establishment of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System in 1998, federal law has obliged licensed firearm dealers to apply computerized background checks on all individuals to whom they sell or trade firearms wit h. Public inspections determine and verify whether a prospective purchaser is prohibited under federal commandment from possessing firearms or ammunition. This law covers an estimated 60% of gun sales, ignoring theShow MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened throughout the Unites States has created a great divide among Americans on what should our nation do to prevent further shootings from happening. Many people believe that forcing new laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill peopleRead MoreGun Control And The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States gun control is a big controversy that has been blown out of proportion the last few years. Anything that has to do with guns in the news, reporters say it is the guns fault. Gun control laws are being changed and morphed for the new society that we live in today. What gun control really means is a group of laws to control the selling and use of guns.(1). Statistics have proven that most people want more control on guns. Many surveys have shown that the benefits of gun controlRead MoreGun Control Of The United States Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control Proposal Gun control is a highly controversial topic in the United States. There are many people who are for gun control - people who want to have stricter laws to make it so criminals and other dangerous people can’t obtain a firearm. But, there are also the people who disagree with gun control laws and believe there should be a more lenient gun control to help people defend themselves during risky situations. Many gun control laws have been passed for many years. While many have beenRead MoreGun Control And The United States929 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a debated, revisited and revised issue for more than a century in the United States. Recently, after several mass shootings in the United States, gun violence issues are; yet again, renewed and in the forefront for the United States. This paper will consist of insight on gun violence in the United States and the newly imposed gun control policies by President Obama; along with, the arguments for and against the new policies and what roles both the formal and informal actorsRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesSince America’s birth, guns have played a large part in it’s society. Citizens of the United States have used firearms to protect the land they love, and their families. They even use them for engaging activities such as hunting and sport. Though firearms may seem to have a commonplace in society, weighing the rights and liberties of citizens against the safety and welfare of the public has always been a delicate process. In the United States, gun control is a of heated issue that has two sides.Read MoreGun Control And The United States988 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Reassessment in the United States Imagine this: you are in World History class at your high school almost falling asleep learning about Ancient China. It is a normal day for you and your classmates, until you hear an announcement from the principal. You expect the typical lockdown drill, but this situation is far from typical. A man with a gun breaks into your school. BANG! Several of your classmates are killed before this man can be controlled. You survive, but live the rest of yourRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened all through the Unites States has made an great divide among Americans on what ought our country do to keep further shootings from happening. Numerous individuals trust that forcing new laws on how people buy weapons should require background verifications. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by numerous citizens. The critical people of this topic trust that the guns don t murder peo ple, is that people kill peopleRead MoreGun Control in the United States1306 Words   |  6 Pages Gun Control in the United States has gone out of control. The United States should enforce laws to not allow any guns in a house hold in order to reduce violence and crime in the country. Reducing the rate of crime in the United States, controlling big weapons, taxing ammunition, and gun collection can help make this happen. Gun Control can make this country a safer environment to live in. Gun Control has obviously gone out of control in the recent years. Look around, they are everywhere. ReducingRead MoreGun Control And The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control For gun control, there should be some requirements for the people to take in order to own a gun for themselves. Throughout the United States, gun control should allow people to still have guns; however, the citizens should go through some changes to ensure safety throughout the nation. Gun control has given some helpful ideals before that would help the people understand the responsibilities of their guns. They want to make sure that these laws maintain to progress as a better solutionRead MoreGun Control And The United States886 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control in the United States On December 14, 2012, a gunman walked into Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed 20 children and six adults. This tragedy shook the nation and made Americans wonder, how could this have been prevented? Recently published research suggests mass shootings are becoming more common in the United States. Harvard University researchers said in October 2014 that a mass shooting has occurred every 64 days, on average, since 2011, compared with every

William Shakespeare free essay sample

This paper details the many different works of William Shakespeare. This paper is an in-depth analysis and examination of the contribution that William Shakespeare made to the literary world. The author details Shakespeares mysterious life, including speculation as to who he may have really been. The paper covers the many different themes covered in his many plays including ambition, cruelty, justice, reconciliation, madness, betrayal and destiny that were found in Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet and Julius Caesar. The author finds that Shakespeare also used his plays to comment on political events such as in Julius Caesar, Comedy of Errors and Henry VIII. Throughout the paper the author details his masterful understanding of the human character and unparalleled mastery of the English language, a rich imagination and commentary on life in the early 18th century. Shakespeare also wrote over 150 sonnets and there is some speculation that they may have been autobiographical, but once again the author finds that there is no proof. We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How is Shakespeare viewed by great figures of the theater? Shakespeare is the greatest discernible influence in the work of Orson Wells (Gottlieb 2000). a theatrical and cinematic director, actor, entrepreneur, public figure, and educational and political activist. Wells describes Shakespeare as embodying the fulfillment of almost utopian personal and sociopolitical desires, a figure of considerable stature, power and popularity, a truly great one who bridges the worlds of critical and commercial success. Shakespeare, in Wells mind, merges individual imagination and artistic independence with tradition and social responsibility, and emphasizes that he has that unparalleled capacity to entertain, educate, transport and ultimately unify divergent audiences, high and low. (Gottlieb)

Business Law for Consumer Commission v TPG Internet- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Consumer Commission v TPG Internet. Answer: Issue Whether a contract was formed in this case, particularly on the basis of the offer and acceptance elements, or not? Rule Contract contains a promise whereby part A promises to fulfil a particular undertaking and party B pays party A, a consideration value, which is decided between A and B, for undertaking the promise. In order to form a contract, which has legal validity, there is a need for the presence of offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity and intent[1]. The very first step, which leads to the formation of contract, is the presence of an offer. It is essential to make a distinction between an offer and an invitation to treat. The offer shows that the parties A and B want to create a contract, where as the invitation to treat shows that the parties A and B just want to negotiate upon the terms of the contract. The newspaper advertisements or commercials are deemed as an invitation to treat and not an offer[2]. In Partridge v Crittenden[3], the defendants conviction was quashed as the advert was deemed as an invitation to treat. It is also important to demarcate between offer, invitation to treat and a request for information, as was held by the court in Harvey v Facey[4] where no separate offer was deemed to have been made. Upon an offer being made in a successful manner, the acceptance has to be attained on this offer. The acceptance has to be given by the party to which the offer had been made. So where the offer was made by A to B, B has to accept the offer. The offer can be revoked only till B does not accept it[5]. Also, there is a need to accept the offer in the manner in which it had been made, and if the terms are altered in the slightest of manner, it would result in a counter offer as was seen in Hyde v. Wrench[6], which would render the original offer useless. The acceptance date is taken to be such date when the acceptance communication is obtained by the offering party[7]. Though, the postal rules to acceptance is the exception of this rule as under this rule, the acceptance date is such date on which the letter containing the acceptance is posted by the accepting party. The raison d'tre behind this is that the postal office is given the status of the agent of the offering party and due to the operation of agency law, the acceptance by the postal office is to be considered as the acceptance by the offering party[8]. The date on which this letter reaches the offering party remains irrelevant. Upon the electronic communication, the Electronic Transaction Act, 1999[9] applies. The postal rules of acceptance are linked to the requirements of section 14 of this act. As per this section, the date and time on which the communication leaves the senders device, that is the date and time of the particular communication and not the date on which th e same reaches the receiver. This section is applicable for offer and acceptance both. Apart from these two elements, the formation of contract requires consideration as an element under which the parties mutually decide the value which has to be paid for the undertaken promise. There is a need for the consideration to have economic value for the contract to be valid[10]. The next requirement is to have the intention of forming legal relations. The parties also need to have the contractual capacity to create legal relations in terms of majority age and soundness of mind[11]. Application The facts of this case study are majorly concentrated upon the elements of offer and acceptance. The advert which Lianne saw in the newspaper, on the basis of Partridge v Crittenden, would be deemed as an invitation to treat as it invited quotes from the parties who wanted a party to be hosted. Section 14 of the Electronic Transaction Act and the postal rules of acceptance also play a crucial role in this case study. As the emails were exchanged in this case, on the basis of this section, the date of the communication would be the date on which it was sent and the date on which the receiver read it, would remain irrelevant. The email which was sent on 10 Jun, the very first one in the chain of emails, would be considered as a request for information on the basis of Harvey v Facey since Lianne only requested information under it. The reply to this email was also not an offer as only information was being swapped under this. The three hour afterwards email was the point where the offer was made. On this, a counter offer was made with reduced amount as there was a change in the terms of the original offer. Again, a counter offer was made with particular conditions and the higher consideration amount and this offer was valid for a specified time period only. The offer was made on 10 Jun so, it expired after seven day period on 17 Jun. Hence, it was not valid on 20 Jun when Mary stated that the price had changed. The communication of Lianne on 20 Jun would not be an acceptance. When Mary quoted $10,000 on 20 Jun that was when the new offer was made. And the acceptance was attained on this as Lianne sent an email regarding the same. However, later on she sent an email to revoke this acceptance, which would not be valid as the offer ahs to be revoked before acceptance is given. The reading or non-reading of the emails would remain irrelevant on the basis of postal rules of acceptance and section 14 of the Electronic Transaction Act. The value of consideration has already been established and the other elements of contract have been assumed as being present as the contrary to prove this is not present. This means that a contract had been created between the two parties. Conclusion To conclude, indeed a valid contract had been created between Lianne and Mary. Issue Whether Lianne has any rights under the Australian Consumer Law, or not? Rule The Competition and Consumer Act, 2010 was an act brought out in the nation, for protecting the consumers and for ensuring that the competition is properly followed in the nation. Under schedule 2 of this act, is the Australian Consumer law, which is the key legislation for safeguarding the consumers. A consumer is such a person, as per section 3 of ACL, who takes services or purchases goods to the value of $40,000 in the nation, for their own use or consumption. Through section 18, the businesses are prevented from indulging in misleading and deceptive conduct. And through section 29, the same restriction has been placed with regards to false or misleading representation. Application The facts of this case study show that Lianne is a consumer as she undertook the services of Mary and entered into a contract with her for a value of $9,500. These services were used for her personal party. And so, as per section 3, Lianne is a consumer. By not fulfilling the terms which were promised, Lianne was misled and deceived by Mary as she was provided with a different cuisine, instead of what was promised. Further, the space in the boat was falsely represented. This would mean that both sections 18 and 29 were contravened by Mary. Conclusion To conclude, Lianne is a consumer in this case, who had rights to sue Mary for breaching section 18 and 29 of the ACL. The invitation to treat and an offer are two terms which cause a lot of confusion in the daily lives of people. The confusion is due to the fact that at particular instances, the particular communication can be taken as one thing and at other instances, it could be deemed as the other one. This confusion can lead to certain liabilities for the businesses who give such adverts through the different mediums. In this discussion, the points have been put in favour of the care which needs to be undertaken by the businesses while creating the adverts to be published in hard copy and soft copy. In the first part of this discussion, Lianne reads a newspaper advertisement which was taken to be an invitation to treat based on a quoted case. The reason for holding this as an invitation to treat was because the judge in the case of Partridge v Crittenden had analysed the wordings of the advertisement and applied statutory rules of interpretation for taking out its meaning, which was ultimately deemed as an invitation to treat, instead of an offer[12]. Where a case of invitation to treat is established, there is no need for the parties to complete the sale and no liabilities are attracted on them as was seen in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots[13]. However, this is not the case with every advertisement. To make a demarcation between a particular advert being an invitation to treat and it being an offer, the wordings of such advert have to be considered. Unlike Partridge v Crittenden, in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company[14] the court deemed that the advertisement was an offer. The difference between the two could be established in the context of the placed advertisement[15]. In the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, the company had given an advertisement in the newspaper where it promised to award the person who got the disease even when they had used the smoke ball produced by the company. The award money was 100. Carlill used this smoke ball and still got influenza so she went to the money and claimed the award money of 100. The company denied the claim on the basis that this was an invitation to treat. However, the court agreed with the plaintiff as they stated that the newspaper advert wordings were such where the offer could be accepted by simply acting upon it. And so, the court ordered the plaintiff to be paid the promised award money[16]. The advertisements are placed in newspapers and in this growing digital age, they are found more than often across the digital platforms. The adverts also include the one posted on billboards and on the buses. So, at every place where the businesses post their advertisements, they have to take care in printing their adverts. Whatever promises or offers they made under the advertisements, have to be drafted in a manner that they remain an invitation to treat and do no become an offer. In case an offer is made through such advertisements, liability would be attracted for the businesses as they would have to go forward with the contract when the offer is acted upon by the other party[17]. Apart from the liabilities which can be raised for the businesses for posting their advertisements under the contract law, the businesses can also be made liable for the adverts on the basis of the Australian Consumer Law. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd[18] is a leading example of this in which TPG had advertised a price for their product. However, this price was deemed as misleading and a breach of section 18 was established as the adverts did not disclose fully that the consumers had to pay additional sum at later stage as this additional sum was hidden from the published advertisement. To conclude the discussion which had been carried on till now, it becomes very clear that the businesses have to take special care when they place any advertisement through the different mediums. This is because these adverts can result in a contract, where this advert is an offer, instead of an invitation to treat. And in such cases, the businesses become bound by the contract and have to fulfil the obligations covered under the contract. Apart from this, the businesses also become liable under the other laws including the Australian Consumer Law. Hence, as was stated at the outset of this discussion, it is crucial that businesses take care while placing any advert, or would attract liabilities upon them. Bibliography A. Articles/ Books/ Reports Andrews N, Contract Law (Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed, 2015) Davies PS, JC Smith's the Law of Contract (Oxford University Press, 2016) Elliott C, and Quinn F, Contract Law (Pearson Education Limited, 9th ed, 2013) Furmston M, and Tolhurst GJ, Contract Formation: Law and Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010) Gibson A, and Fraser D, Business Law (Pearson Higher Education AU, 2013) Latimer P, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 31st ed, 2012) Marson J, and Ferris K, Business Law Concentrate: Law Revision and Study Guide (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed, 2016) McKendrick E, Contract Law (Pearson Education Limited, 11th ed, 2015) Poole J, Casebook on Contract Law (Oxford University Press, 2016) Stone R and Devenney J, Text, Cases and Materials on Contract Law (Routledge, 3rd ed, 2014) B. Cases Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd [2013] FCAFC 37 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1 Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552 Hyde v. Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334 Partridge v Crittenden (1968) 2 All ER 421 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots [1953] 1 QB 401 C. Legislations Competition and Consumer Act, 2010 (Cth) Electronic Transaction Act, 1999 (Cth)