Racism is bullying Essay

Do you want to be teased because of your cultural background, religion, accent or counterbalance your come up glossiness? The truth is Racism is happening everywhere everyday RASCISM IS BULLYING agree to the Macquarie dictionary, Racism has two important meanigs.1. Human tends fork over special and una ilk characteristics which determine their particular cultures, USA. Involving the idea that ones own race is better than any other race.2 offensive or even tearing behaviour to members of any other race arising from such a belief. bullyrag means frightening or ordering smaller or even weak plenty around. Racism can be seen in incidents of anti-Semite(a) abuse, harassment indifference to cultural diversity, and discrimination. It will be good if racialism disappears but the true fact is many people around would regularize mean and rude things about one another.It is unfortunate that people call back a way to dislike others who are dissimilar from themselves. RASCISM IS BUL LYING people of all herit progress backgrounds should be treated equally. There is no contend to put others down good because they are distinguishable. It is not fair to smudge out others just because yours arent obvious. If you have been teased look at them seriously and say would you liked to be called names or be made fun of? Simply just because you speak a antithetic language or like to eat food of a different culture or like artjworks of a certain cultural zeal or simply because you have a different type of skin colour? No, you wouldnt RASCISM IS BULLYING Why is it that in this day and age it is still ok to be racist? We the younger times have the opportunity to stop racism and to accept everyone as equals. We the younger generation should come together and strive for equality. We should all be able to olfactory sensation that we are accepted for who we are, and wherever we are. I dont write out the author of this beautiful poem but Id like to thank him or her for such a wonderful piece compose and it goes like this What if all the trees were oaks?How plain the world would seem no maple syrup, banana tree splits, and how would orange juice would be? Wouldnt it be a drilling place, if all the people just one colour, just one language, just one family name butif the forest were the world, and all the people were the trees cover and pine, bamboo and willow, live and grow in Harmony. Arent you glad my goodfriend, different though we be we are here to help each other, I learn from you, and you, from me

The Need for Better Mental Health Care

IntroductionMany individuals who woke up this morning wished that they should welcome neer done so at every. There ar those who are ab bulge to go to retreat praying that they bequeath non suck in any more tomorrows to face. While both(prenominal) who are at work, sitting through their classes at school, or repair their childrens lunches are wondering what have become of their lives and what more authority does the bleak future offer.In fact, there are those whose family and friends are mourning already, never quite understanding why an apparently healthy human cosmos would end his own life. One common thread unites all these volume and events cordial imprint. This paper looks at the need for more mental health supervise services in order to better protagonist large number suffering from this condition and thus provide hope for them and for their families.Gravity of Mental IllnessFew individuals ascertain the gravity of a mental illness such as printing in anoth er humans life. For some, the state of being dispirited is a choice, and a someone can soft snap out of it if hardly they would think positively and cut all the drama. Mental illnesses well(p) like dieoff, is a medical condition, an actual disease of the mind that is not easily fixed with mere will power.People sick with flu or colds are not asked to cure themselves, hence, why should depressed individuals bear their sufferings simply and without any care? It is a relief, nonetheless, that low gear is not anymore new. Millions of individuals have it and millions are also quest the necessary treatment and medication to hold up on with their lives. However, recognizing and acknowledging the problem, as opposed to ignoring it, is the first step towards recovery.From the early philosophers, scholars and scientists perspectives, depression is a mystery ca apply by unknown powers in the universe. Based from early accounts, depressed or melancholic people demonstrate bizarre beh avior, in which nobody could pinpoint the reason behind. Symptoms range from extreme sadness and escape of zeal in life to drastic mood changes. With the gradual instruction of modern scientific processes and correspondence among experts, specialists were able to define depression, identified its symptoms, and time-tested to discover its ca consumptions and remedies.Mental Health FacilitiesTraditional psychiatric infirmarys and private psychiatrists and psychologists have been unable to tinge the growing need for mental health services. The trend has been to develop local anesthetic mental health clinics that offer the services of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, psychiatric checks, family therapists and others.Emergency help is rendered to souls with acute mental disorders as well as to persons with chronic excited problems. Short-term counselling and psychotherapy are usually provided. Programs are intend to deal with problems involving school, family, marriag e partners, drug and alcohol abuse, and adolescence. Night clinics and suicide stripe centers are often complete if a need exists. A person in need of immediate assistance is frequently helped by echo hotline services, manned by counselors and others, such as trained volunteers.Many non-traditional facilities have been established to meet the needs of local area. An example of such a speediness is a psychiatric day care center which was developed in a sparsely populated rural area in Michigan. lack funds to support a traditional psychiatric day care center, a psychiatric nursing consultant sought lay volunteers and used facilities in a community church to set up a syllabus.This program was designed to maintain and support persons referred by the local hospital psychiatric service and the community mental health center outpatient service. The nurse spent two hours one day a week as a group therapist. She also acted as a consultant to the volunteers. The program successfully met its objectives. It has grown from one group and one volunteer to ternary groups and thirty volunteers.Person-Centered TherapyPerson-centered therapy is differentiated from other forms of therapy because of its focus on the importance of the remedial relationship for makeive therapy (Josefowitz & Myran 2005). The person-centered near was founded by acclaimed American counselor and psychotherapist, Carl Rogers (Kirschenbaum 2004). too soon during his career, Rogers witnessed how stubborn a lymph node could become and all together bend therapy even if it is for his betterment.He then saw that patients could resist even the roughly skillful therapist intervention if such intervention is against his wish or purpose. Rogers agnise the loopholes in the popular practices of his times for failing to incite effective client participation. He pondered on a new approach based on his understanding that it is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are cru cial, what experiences have been deeply buried.Rogers was the first to hold the non-directive approach. It was a unique method acting where the counselor does not question, interpret, advice, suggest or offer any directive remarks on the patient, he only listens. The therapist carefully reflect the patients suppositions back to him, with the idea of fate him realize his issues and then decide on his own the direction of his self-actualization.It was this non-directive method that applied the initiative that persons going into psychotherapies are not helpless individuals at the mere mercy of their psychotherapists designs. Clients can wilfully determine how their treatment should go because they are responsible clients who knows what aspects of their lives and personality need to be treated. His method has such respect for its patients that it assumes the key to a persons self-actualization lies on the person and not on external influences (therapists or counselors). One of Rogers grand ideas that still have its impact today and is crucial to the personal approach is that a counselors attitude is as important as his techniques (Kirschenbaum 2004)Depression as a Mental Health IssueDepression is one of the most general mental health medical cases in the United States today with or so 18 million Americans or 9.5 percent of the population disturbed. The problem of depression is not to be taken lightly, nor set aside as unblemished caprice of a problematic person. Medical institutions including the United States National Institute of Mental Health declared it as a serious real illness, not just because of its prevalence, but also because of its effect on the lives of the afflicted individuals. Monetary expenses is a give fact when seeking treatment for depression, yet the heavier costs are those that concerns the pains of the individuals, the drudgery they have to face everyday, and the corresponding effect of the situation to their friends and loved ones.De pression has already been sight since the ancient times, even during the prehistoric times. Real efforts to comprehend depression were only apparently undertaken during the time of the Hellenistic Greeks. Later part of history revealed that the emersion of psychiatric or psychological science was hampered due to societys closed mindedness and lack of concern for the mentally ill. Nevertheless, with the sporadic studies now and then, it was find that depression was once called melancholia and scientists made quite commendable documentation of the symptoms they discover among melancholic persons (Hollon, 2002).The causes of depression are often summarized into the three classifications of neurobiology, genetics and environment. neurobiological factors pertain to the abnormalities in neurotransmitters and hormones that affect mood, manner of handling stress, and perspective of traumatic situations. Genetics, as the name implies, refers to the inheritance of potential depression-cau sing gene traits within the family.There is no solid proof of the existence of this gene so far, although there are relevant studies made to suggest that genetics may indeed convey a role. Besides the number of cases of within-family depression speaks for itself. The last factor, triggers environmental depression brought about by emotionally taxing events that are not easily forgotten or set aside, so that it comes to haunt the person and affect his normal life. Depression may also be learned when the thought of powerlessness is so internalised. The person feels depressed with that thought that whatever actions will not merit any change or improvement.ConclusionHealth Plans generally fall into three categories based on how they are organized to deliver/ compensate for care. HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) deliver services through provider networks and may use a processs primary care provider as a gatekeeper to more specialized services. PPOs (Preferred Provider Organizatio ns) generally permit access to any provider, with some cost savings to a member for using providers in the network. Indemnity plans are traditional insurance products with delimit cash payments, and no network limitations.At present, prevalent types of Health Plans are HMOs and PPOs (Health Plan). trenchant policy and decision-making cannot be made in a vacuum, and is committed to providing the most comprehensive data possible. Taking that into consideration, public Health Plan murder must(prenominal) be well studied and its data analyzed. The HMO as well as other health care delivery systems must unite in order to address this issue since they are all important and adequate means of health care for many consumers with mental health problems.REFERENCESBeck. A. (1967). Depression. Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Grnblatt, E. (2006, November 3). Depression New depression seek has been reported by scientists at Ludwig Boltzmann Institute. Genomics & Genetics Weekly. Ret rieved Feb. 8, 2007 http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1151092561&Fmt=3&clientId=11123&RQT=309&VName=PQDHollon, D.S., Thase, M.E. & Markowitz, J.C. (2002, November). Treatment and prevention of Depression. Psychological Science, 3, 39. Retrieved Feb. 8, 2007 at http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=233500451&sid=5&Fmt=2&cli entId=11123&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Challenges faced by Human Resource Management Essay

straight offs companionship is one of radical and impulsive changes. Because there is no such(prenominal) thing as one right or wrong route to run an giving medication, m whatever corporations have began to lean toward placing greater emphasis on improving gentleman races Resource Management within their have got agreements. every last(predicate) giving medications require some ferment of organisational focus. However, the success of an organization is derived from the organizations own individual strengths, limitations and submissions. This is where Human Resources Management comes into place.Human Resource Management smoke be used as a means to assist thespians with productivity and organizational structure. The problem is that because Human Resource Management plays such a major role in an organization, this makes it one of the determining featureors as to whether an organization thrives or dies. It has move one of the most demanding and contr oversial yet, imp ortant roles within an organization. This paper will discuss many of the challenges faced by Human Resource Management in the 21st century to include managing workers, schema and worker productivity.The first challenge in human resource counsel deals with the managing the working population. Because there are so many different faces of workers, an organization will be unsuccessful if it tries to manage every worker or group of workers in the exact same manner. Different people within each workgroup have to be managed differently.Today resource perplexity workers should be able to persuade workers to work toward organizational goals and values while obtaining results. slight emphasis should be placed on managing what people do instead, tighten on their strengths and how to make their strengths more productive within the organization. The important neutral of human resources management should be geared toward getting better doing from its workers/ leaders while obtaining bett er results for the organization. Therefore, management is the key tool in making an organization produce results, by the use of its workers.Sometimes management may be faced with the challenge of managing workers thatare further well-educated about a specific job or assignment than themselves. The main thing to keep in mind is that pineer is not ever better. Someone who has worked on a specific job for a long period is not always considered to be the most knowledgeable person. maven reason may be because of the fact that our society changes so rapidly and the person with the longevity may not have changed with society or the roles society plays within an organization. The best solution, when relating longevity to managing workers, is to remember that the actual worker should not be managed.However, the manager may need to accept the fact that their subordinate may know more than they do and accept this as a learning tool to use to obtain better organizational productivity.Each and every organization has its own assumptions of how it defines its type of stage business sector, the company intentions, what type of customers it attracts and its definition of successful results. Strategy enables an organization to be deliberately timeserving by allowing an organization to be successful in an unpredictable environment. through and through strategy, an organization has the opportunity to make slips, correct the mistakes and start the process again. During the mistake and correction process, the organization is more capable of increasing organizational results by utilizing trial and error.Organizational strategies can be divided into two discern levels of strategy cost-leadership and differentiation. The cost leadership strategy allows organizations to offer the highest quality products for the last(a) cost possible. Their main goal is to generate economic value by offering lower costs than its competitors. A perfect example of this would be Wal-Mart. By o ffering lower prices Wal-Mart is able to win a legal age of its customers. It would be fair to assume that in most instances, cost-leadership strategy would be a great way for an organization to earn more revenue enhancement than many of its competitors, especially when they are not faced with competitive pressures from the market.In the second level of strategy, differentiation, the organizations purpose is to offer certain products that the consumers prefer over other products offered by its competitors. In a sense, differentiation organizations could be considered as consumer based because they adhere to the needs of the public desires.It would be more conquer to use a differentiation strategy in a fighting(a) environment characterized by rapid change, and requires continually finding new products or services (Mathis 35).Part of strategic planning consists of looking into the future of the organization. For instance, an organization moldiness have the right number of human re sources, with the right capabilities, at the right times, and in the right places (Mathis 44). Every organization has some form of strategy in place. In my opinion, a strategy is only as good as its achievement. A good, well planned, strategic plan should append high-quality results for the organization when trying to obtain company goals.A new data revolution is well in progress. When speaking of new data, I am not just speaking of new computer technology or new up-to-date machinery I am speaking about information that is readily available to improve business success.Several years ago the computer the thing for every organization to have in secernate to make operations run more smoothly. Who would have ever imagined that any piece of equipment would have such an impact on an organization and how the business was ran. Because the roles of human resource management are enough more thought-provoking and demanding, information is always a good way to stay onwards of the game.It is a must(prenominal) that the responsibility of human resource management keeps up with the changes in todays aggressive markets. By doing so, many organizations must take on a more strategic approach in order to be successful. If an organization in todays society chooses not to use a more strategic approach, it must be prepared to suffer the consequences and beprepared to be overtaken by its competitors. contest among organizations is on the rise. Some time ago, an organizations only concern was the neighboring store. Today however, organizations not only have to worry about their local stores simply the global market as well. In order for a business to be successful today, and in the future, they have to become more ductile and customer focused. The human resources manager has to be able to progress to become a strategic partner and mentor within the organization. One must in addition know the organizations goals, under protrude those goals and have confidence that those goa ls are obtainable. later on all, management consists of mentors, counselors, leaders, coaches and succession planners that are able to motivate and lead its workers, sometimes by use of persuasion.Another challenge faced by human resource management of the 21st century is workplace diversity. Because workplace diversity consists of such a mixture of talented but varied heathen backgrounds, genders, ages and lifestyles, an organization can react to business opportunities more speedily and resourcefully. to a greater extent importantly, if the organizational atmosphere within an organization does not support diversity, they stand the chance of losing good talented workers to its competitors.Human resource management is also affected by the government sector. In fact, a register was conducted in the fiscal year 1999 by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM). The study concluded that many more agencies than expected include HR representatives in the performance planning proc ess and integrate human resources management goals, objectives, and strategies into agency strategic plans. However, most agencies are still struggling in this flying field (Stratgic Human Resource Managment Aligning the Mission).This is evidence that HRM roles are becoming more involved in management and business operational success.In conclusion, the world of human resource management is shifting more quickly than we can ever imagine. Steady ecological and societal changes indicate that human resource managers face constant challenges. They mustreact by taking advantage of steady yet reflective changes in the field, present practices, and boilers suit human resource management policies, mission and vision.Human resource management is not a thing of the past it is a role of the future. This country of expertise within an organization is on the rise. Many organizations success depends on the expertise and capabilities of the HRM department. Basically, HRM is the backbone of the organization and without it, a business will lapse some great workers to its competitors.BibliographyStratgic Human Resource Managment Aligning the Mission. September 1999. 25 July 2006.MIT Libraries. 14 April 2005. 25 July 2006.Macintosh, Stephen, S. Management Challenges for the 21st Century. 15 October 1999. 25 July 2006.Robert L. Mathis, rear end H. Jackson. Human Resource Management. Mason South-Western, 2006.

Analysis the Motorbike Market in Vietnam

Vietnam by bicycle egress 61% of the total and by 4 times comparing with batch who use car as master(prenominal) vehicle. Thus, motorbike market is an burning(prenominal) part of Vietnam economy and considerable contribution to economic growth in recent years of Vietnam. Therefore, in this report be going to go bad the Motorbike market in Vietnam in both aspects microeconomic and macroeconomic and bring out some conclusion about this market. Microeconomics In this section, it allow for be analyzed into three elements such as inquire, return and price. adopt of consumer In recent years, the demand of motorbike evermore grows up.According to the Vietnam Registry Department, until a half of 2011 Vietnam has about 17 million regist symmetryn motorbikes and became iodine of countries has the ratio of plurality who use motorbike blueest on the world. Table 2 trope of motorbike was registered Source Vietnam Registry Department, 2010 Following above table, it can be seen tha t count of registered motorbike is increasing dramatically year by year. In 2006, Vietnam had 1. 5 million of motorbikes but 5 year later this conformation increased twice with 3 million motorbikes in 2010.These figures are shown that demand of Vietnamese people in buying motorbike very spacious ND this Is a complex market for Investors to Invest their capital as well as extend output. The main reason leaded to outgrowth up of motorbike is reduced price of this product. For example, 10 years ago, a Honda dream motorbike was 30 million VEND (equivalent 2,000 USED at the same time), however after 5 year Honda was opened a industry in Vietnam and now price of a Honda motorbike is respectable from 10 million VEND (equivalent KUDUS at the present time). Price of ready changes, therefore demand of consumers change too.On the other hand, the second factor making demand of consumer raise Is national Income. According to General Statistics Offer, average per capita income in 2010 was approximately 1000 SAID, increasing 2. 5 times compare with income in 2004. Slogan (2010) is mentioned that to regular goods when income increases, the demand about it increases. Motorbike is a normal goods. This is sigh to show that when income of people increases, their demand increase too and they will spend more money for necessary goods, such as Vietnam is one of countries where is the most of using motorbike in the world.Thus, Vietnam is a large market and more potential for motorbike brands. Honda is brand which has most of market deal in motorbike market because Honda is leader of this market when they were the first production at Vietnam over 10 years ago and they are always on the top of choice of consumers. According to General Statistics Offer, until 2009 there are two industries of Honda in Vietnam and the total of productivity of those is 1. 5 million parents per year.However, in 2010 Honda has invested 70 million USED to expend these industries, and improvement p roductivity to 2 million produces each year. Look back on the table 2, the number of registered motorbike in 010 was 3 million produces. Therefore, Honda was taken over a half of share market of motorbike market in Vietnam. Yamaha, Suzuki, SUM, Pigging be the rest of brands in the motorbike market. In these brands, Yamaha is the most competitor of Honda with productivity each year is 1 million produces.In first years when motorbike has Just come to Vietnam, motorbike brands have set a high price because at that time demand of consumer was increasing highly and the main reason that time was taste. In recent years, with expanding on industries of old brands and prospect up new brands of domestic production makes competition violently in motorbike market. As a result, reduce price is the optimal choice of producers. Domestic brands have exposed new produces with lower price, conformity with people who have low income.Therefore, other brands must to reduce price of their produce to co mpetitive if they do not want to lose share market. Producers imitate reducing price make demand of consumer increasing significantly. However, at this present, the supply of producers is over than demand of consumer, making unornamented through the years, so in the future the price of produce will be continue reduce. On the other hand, producers must be kept productivity stability and in next some years reduce productivity to avoid surplus by yearly.

Strategic Management Assignment

capital of Vietnam UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM -o0o- INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS seek in Motion Ltd. Tutor Mr. Nguy? n Anh Quan Students Ph? m Thanh H? ng M? u Minh Tuy? n Vu Ng? c Anh split up Tutorial 3 Course Strategic Management Date 16/09/cc9 Word count 3, 261 words I. INTRODUCTION Besides external environs analysis, in order to craft a plausible corpse, the political bumpy has to take c are itself as salubrious, or in former(a) words, to carefully evaluate its resources and war-ridden position. In this report, we look into the case of Research in Motion Ltd. mouth) to deck this point. Firstly, we volition interpret readers with background knowledge of the company, fol upseting by appraisal of the companys current strategy. Then, the SWOT analysis is executed, and the weighted war-ridden strength judgments is considered. inhabitly, from the analysis, we provide the hear of issues and problems that merit front-burner managerial attention. II. BODY 1. follows background mouth was founded in 1984 by Mike Lazardis. base in Waterloo, Ontario, the company similarly has offices in jointure America, Europe and Asia Pacific. bound provides programmes and solutions for gateway to time- excellent information, including email, ph 1, Instant Messaging (IM), short message service (SMS) messaging, worldwide Positioning System (GPS), Internet and intranet-based coatings. sass is known primarily as the maker and provider of blackberry bush radio ruses and netmail services. It finish provide users with a piano tuner extension of their work and personal email accounts, including Microsoft Outlook, IBM sacred galvanic pileus Notes, Novell GroupWise and many Internet service provider (ISP) email services. back talk has lately chip ined 14 zillion subscribers worldwide and had provided oer $6 billion in revenue. In early 2008, RIM was one of Canadas largest companies with a commercialise place capitalization of $69. 4 billion. RIM had much than 100,000 opening move customers and an estimated 42% trade share of converged artifices. Revenues were contributed of importly by handheld sales (73%), followed by service (18%), packet program (6%) and unsanded(prenominal) revenues (3%). In 2007, 57. 9% of RIMs revenues were derived from the US, 7. 3% from Canada and the remaining 34. % from other countries. RIM had all over 270 carrier partnerships in more than 110 countries. In harm of mathematical product innovation, RIM has a wide range of product traffic pattern and innovation awards, including recognition from Computerworld as one of the Top 10 Products of the Past 40 Years. 2. Assessment of companys current strategy 2. 1 come withs strategicalal approach RIMs strategy focuses mainly on differentiating its products from those of competitors in order to serve a niche commercialise for championship class.In terms of differentiation, the blackberry wireless platform and line of handh elds include email, phone, IM, SMS, internet, music, camera, video, radio, organizer, GPS and a variety of other applications. blackberry bushs footling size, long barrage fire life, and ease of use, made the product passing popular with busy executives who set the safe and secure oral communication of collective mail. In fact, plaques that relied on sensitive information, such as the U. S. government and large financial institutions, were early and true adopters of blackberry and RIMs largest customers.RIMs enterprise e-mail servers, which were attached to the customers e-mail and IM servers behind company firewalls, encrypted and redirected e-mail and other data before forwarding the information to end consumers with wireless service providers (see Exhibit 3). RIM had more than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42 per cent market share of converged devices as mentioned above. 2. 2 Firms competitive scope RIM has a quite narrow geographical market coverage, mainly in the region of northeastward America, with the US market contributing 57. % of RIMs revenues, 7. 3% from Canada and the rest 34. 8% from other countries. The company competes in several industries, including wireless devices, software and service. In terms of revenue distribution, as mentioned above, handheld sales is in the first score 73%, followed by service 18%, software 6% and other revenues 3%. 2. 3 Recent jaunt position and performance In terms of competing against rivals, RIMs strengths firstly lie in the cogency to improve its products both in construct and technology.For example, RIM had recently introduced the award-winning Blackberry Pearl and Blackberry Curve, which were a significant design from old models and for the first time targeted both normal consumer and byplay professionals. RIM had a variety of product designs and innovation awards, including one of the Top 10 Products from Computerworld in the Past 40 Years. Recently, RIM has stepped up in advertising its product, wish images from celebrities like Madonna and Paris Hilton holding Blackberry in their hands. Especially, US President Obama were sighting using Blackberry device.Also, RIM is very gay to open their target market to younger consumers instead of their usual business consumers by launching Facebook, partnerships with software developers to bring popular games such as Guitar Hero II to the Blackberry unstable platform. A nonher illustration is that just six months after launching Facebook for blackberry bush, downloads of the popular social lucreing software application had topped one meg, indicating that younger consumers were gravitating towards the popular handhelds. all told these actions suggest a more aggressive move to the consumer, or at least prosumer, smartphone space.Whats more, RIM is expanding the number of product and technology victimization facilities in locations such as Fort Lauderdale. Geographic expanding upon is an essential strateg y, but it has its trade-off. We will talk more several(prenominal) this in the SWOT analysis. One of the appoint factor for RIM to win over competitors is in the field of R&D. RIM employed just over 2,100 sight with different R&D areas of expertise radio frequency engineer, hardware and software design,audio and queer improvement, antenna design, circuit board design, power management, industrial design, and manufacturing engineering, among others.R&D efforts focused on improving the functionality, security measures and performance of the blackberry solution, as intimately as developing reinvigorated devices for current and e encounter ne twainrk technologies and market segments. R&D had increase significantly both in terms of the total number of employees as well as the geographic scope of its operations. Since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people and expanded to two more locations in Canada. Additionally, by merging with competitors, RIM had over 270 carrier partnerships in more than 110 countries around the world. by dint of the Blackberry Connect licensing program other leading device manufacturers such as Motorola, Nokia, Samsung and Sony Ericsson could likewise equip their handsets with Blackberry functionality and other technologies. 2. 4. Evaluating the strategy 2. 4. 1 From quantitative standpoint In 2007 revenue increased by 98% from the previous year. Reached 14 million subscribers worldwide and had just over $6 billion in revenue (see Exhibits 1 and 2). Since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people, made up about 35 per cent of RIMs 6,254 employees. Total headcount had also been ontogenesis in double digits over the last five old age (see Exhibit 7). Low employee turnover rate and received Canadas 10 or so admired corporate kitchen-gardening. 2. 4. 2 Key indicators of how well the strategy is working Firms sale, market share and customers 14 million subscrib ers in 2008, nearly double than in 2007 with 8 million subscribers worldwide. $6 billion in revenue, doubling of that in 2007 (see Exhibits 1 and 2) 1/6 of the market share (Exhibits 8). RIM revenue compared with others For 4 age RIM revenue increased 10 times more from $595 million to $6,009 million, plot the leader Nokia almost double ( $46,606 million to $80,672 million), Motorola from $23,155 million to $36,622 million. apple from $6,207 million to 24,006 mil and Palm from $838 million to $1,561 million. Overall, RIM had the fastest ontogeny rate (Exhibits 6). As one of the first to market with two-way messaging, over the long time RIM has continuously improve its design and technology with award-winning models like Blackberry Pearl and Blackberry Curve.Also, good money is creation spent on investment in R&D to advance up with the change of the roving industry. This creates a good image and report card of the company to customers. 3. SWOT Analysis 3. 1 Strengths Prod uct innovation (a competence) The rationale of R & D Department at RIM is Communication Through Innovation. ? Products that imbibe the attention of both consumers and business professionals. Originally built for busy professionals, blackberry bush had made considerable headway in the consumer market and become something of a social phenomenon. CO-OP program with the University of Waterloo. CO-OP supplies business and industry with experience and contacts, as well as the opportunities to apply and pull down what is learned in class. World leader in Business sprightly Communications market ? One of the only trusted phones for the business-class wandering e-mail. As mentioned above, berry integrate e-mail, phone, IM, SMS, internet, GPS and a variety of other, in do-gooder to small size, long battery life, and ease of use making the product extremely popular with busy entrepreuners. Accumulated wide range of product design and innovation awards, recognition by Computerworld as T op 10 products of the bygone 40 Years. RIM had more than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42 per cent market share of converged devices, and significantly higher market share of data-only devices, in northeastward America. Secure delivery ? bug code is one of their few expert assets which is highly protected and is a identify role in the advantage of the company, delivering the safe and secure voice and data transmission on which the blackberry account was built.This can be considered as a distinctive competence of RIM. Strong working culture RIMs core competence. ? lodge culture has contributed towards a lower turnover rate compared to larger companies, and more happy employees. They confuse flexibility, adaptability and the ability to work collaboratively. There are not a lot of process or the kind of bureaucracy. 3. 2 Weaknesses dearth of physical space at RIMs Waterloo campus. It is considered as a hazard of a growing company since it is not going to b e conducive for expansion. Internal resistance to expand R&D to locations extracurricular of Waterloo. There are people here, even leaders and senior people, who tell What? Products being built elsewhere? No We cant do that Then we wont have any control So, some of it is a cultural shift and a mind shift for the people that have been there and it is hard for them to let go and to be part of a really big company. 3. 3 Opportunities Economic situation ? many another(prenominal) smaller debaucheds and technology start ups are struggling financially. ? In open-eyed of the dynamic market situation, RIM needs to ensure that its investment in R&D keeps up with the pace of change in the restless industry. Analysts predict an immense opportunity for smart phones starting in 2008-2009, which shipments gain the billions by 2012. There are not many trusted alternatives for business-class mobile e-mail. RIM could be one of the worlds biggest handset manufacturers in the future. 3. 4 T hreats Global economic downturn recently caused a lot of difficulties for all companies, and RIM is not taken into the exception. Explosive growth and increased argument on the R&D team to develop reinvigorated solutions in the global smartphones market. In 2007, Symbian Operating System knowing for mobile devices held an estimation of 65 percent worldwide share of the converged devices, shipping 77. 3 million smartphones. The second position was legislaten to Microsofts Windows expeditious OS with 12 percent while RIM Blackberry OS at 11 percent. Apple announced that it would be pursuing the business segment, as Microsoft and Google were also both trying. Apples innovation in its mobile user interface and raw technology (thermal touch screen) has created a new trend in mobile phone usage. This prompted a lot of design activities among competitors. Key competitors have already expanded globally while RIM is just on the way to be a global role player. As can be seen from th e SWOT above, RIM has a lot of strengths compared with its weaknesses. Its main problems that need solving currently are the expansion of the head delineate in Waterloo and the frightful competitiveness between competitors since there are day-by-day changes in technology that is considered as the matter of life and death for every player in mobile industry. When RIM becomes a global cell-phone producer, it has to face with the competition from giants such as NOKIA, Motorola, Apple, Palm, etc. . Weighted competitive strength assessment To do the weighted competitive strength assessment of RIM, we take 2 main competitors namely Apple and Nokia. In order to have a precise view, we would like to consider the competitive assessment merely in the biggest industry of RIM smart phones. The 8 key success factors that most affect industrys members to prosper in the marketplace are identified. Among them, qualified human resource and quality of the products are considered the most important, thusly get the weight of 0. 2. These are followed by the innovation to create new product, which is given 0. 15 weight.Reputation/image, financial resources, technological skills and product security are all rated as of medium importance, hence having 0. 1 weight. Last comes the customer service capability with the weight of 0. 05. pic From the assessments, it is seen that RIM ranks higher than its two competitors in terms of product quality and product security. However, the company is not as good as rivals in other aspects. Therefore, all things considered, the firm has a net competitive disadvantage versus major competitors, with the weighted boilers suit strength rating of only 6. 9 compared to Apples 7. 4 rate and Nokias 8. 5. 5. Strategic issues and problems that merit front-burner managerial attention later on careful consideration of both industry and competitive analysis, as well as the evaluations of the companys own competitiveness, we have come to the foreboding lis t that is further discussed below. This list points out strategic issues that the managers of Research in Motion need to address and resolve so that the company can be more financially and competitively successful in the years ahead. ? How to recruit and retain qualified engineers As mentioned above, R&D and engineering were the heart and soul of RIM.Therefore, the growth of the company is in close race with the development of its technological human resource. With the explosive growth of the firm, since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people. However, the industry is experiencing a scarceness in the labor market, especially for high-skilled workers, leading to fierce competition to attract geniused individuals. In the specific situation of RIM, because of its centralization in Waterloo, the company relies heavily on the labor supply of the region. However, this resource is strictly limited.On the other hand, the enterprise also faces threats f rom other companies, such as Microsoft or Google, as Waterloo is regarded as an incredible pool of talent. Attracting outside talent to Waterloo was difficult given the competitive nature of the global software development industry. The city of 115,000 people might not be perceived by some candicates to be as attractive as other sophisticated centers which were more cosmopolitan, for instance Silicon Valley, or Taipei, Mitaka, Glasgow. In software, breakthrough innovations practically came from small teams led by a visionary.In other words, although new graduates were essential, to be ahead of the game, a good proportion of the incoming employees for RIM was going to have to be senior hires. In the dynamic wireless communications market, exceptional software developers were scarce. From another perspective, similar to other players in the telecommunication industry, it is RIMs policy to maintain its R&D spending as a consistent percentage of total sales. R&D expenses are seen as a proxy for new product or service development, therefore used as a key indicator of future revenue potential.Human capital represented the good deal of R&D dollars and in fact, this rate is decreasing from 10. 59% in 2004 to 5. 99% in 2008. This is significantly low compared to rivals rate Palm with 12. 24%, Motorola with 12. 09% and Nokia with 10. 20%. As a result, the need to increase the R&D employees is crucial to the development of the corporation. ? How to solve the shortage of physical space at RIMs Waterloo This is another problem that needs attention from managers of RIM. The expansion of physical space is essential to satisfy the current demand of organizations people as well as facilitate the growing human resource. Whether to remain centered in Waterloo or expand breathing geographies Maintaining the centralization in its headquarter brings about various benefits, such as the nurturing of the corporate culture, or the control of technology together with core activi ties. In fact, the cryptological and software source code of Blackberry on which the brand reputation was built is considered uncompromised by the corporation. It is said by Chris Wormald, vice president of strategic alliences, that Our source code is really among our few enduring technical assets.We have gone through extraordinary measures to protect it. We dont give anyone any access under any circumstances. This vertical integration of technology makes geographic expansion and outsourcing of software development very difficult. Therefore, intellectual property rights is strategically managed through a strategy that divided core platform development from product and technology development, with most of the core work withal occuring in Waterloo. However, it is also concerned that without geographical expansion, the company can be left behind in its competition. How to maintain the laughable culture while expanding the company The culture at RIM headquarters was seen as one of its differentiators and was a key factor in RIMs low employee turnover rate. The company has recently been recognized as one of Canadas 10 Most Admired incarnate Cultures. This culture is described as flexible, adaptable and supportive, leading to the ability to respond quickly to market opportunities of the firm. Compared to its competitors, RIM has a nice and dynamic environment, a place engineers like to work. Nevertheless, this unique culture is being challenged.The exponential growth of the company means the salient increase in human resource, and how to integrate the newcomers into RIMs culture becomes an alarming question. Furthermore, when expansion of R&D is brought into consideration, internal resistance is also heard. People complained about changing in the strategy. So here a cultural shift for the people is required. ? How to compete with rivals in markets other than the North America In terms of operating system, RIM Blackberry is bedded the third worldwide, with 1 1% market share in 2007, and the first in North America. In the same year, 57. % of RIMs revenues were derived from the United States, 7. 3% from Canada and the remaining 34. 8% from other countries. Currently RIM had offices in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific, however, it had only three wholly owned subsidiaries two in Delaware and one in England. From this statistics, it can be seen that the main market of Blackberry is still North America. To compete successfully, RIM has to enhance its appearance and market share in other major markets as well. Expanding the global reach of Blackberry solutions is therefore a fundamental part of RIMs strategy.III. CONCLUSION From the internal environment analysis, we draw a conclusion that RIM is pursuing a reasonable strategy of focus differentiation. Its trend to move toward the consumer market is wise, promising to bring more market share and gelt for the company. However, because of its small size and limited resources compared to b ig players in the industry, it is somehow having a net competitive disadvantage. To further itself in the future, the company should enhance its strengths, belittle the weaknesses together with catching opportunities as well as eliminating threats.The worry list above should be considered carefully so that the company can be compete more successfully in the coming years. REFERENCE 1. Company Histories. Research in Motion Ltd. Online obtainable at http//www. fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/Research-in-Motion-Ltd-Company-History. hypertext markup language Accessed 20 August 2009. 2. Pkaasish, 2008. Research in Motion Ltd. Always on, always attached. Online forthcoming at http//www. oppapers. com/essays/Blackbberry/132559 Accessed 22 August 2009. 3. 2008. RIM Reviews in Waterloo, ON (Canada). Online Available at http//www. lassdoor. com/Reviews/RIM-Waterloo-Company-Reviews-EI_IE9091. 0,3_IL. 4,12_IC2280158_IP4. htm Accessed 30 August 2009. 4. PATRICIA BOW, 2008. BUSINESS no t as usual. Online Available at http//www. alumni. uwaterloo. ca/alumni/pubs/magazine/spring09/business/index. html Accessed 30 August 2009. 5. Arik Hesseldahl, 2006. BlackBerry vs. Redberry in China. Online Available at http//www. businessweek. com/technology/ core/apr2006/tc20060413_266291. htm? chan=search Accessed 30 August 2009. 6. Innovation, 2008. BlackBerry Innovation Behind the Icon. Online Available at http//www. businessweek. com/innovate/content/apr2008/id2008044_416784_page_2. htm Accessed 1 kinfolk 2009. 7. Singapore and Reading (UK), 2008. Smart mobile device shipments hit 118 million in 2007, up 53% on 2006. Online Available at http//www. canalys. com/pr/2008/r2008021. htm Accessed 2 September 2009. 8. Wikipedia, 2008. Smartphone. Online Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Smartphone Accessed 3 September 2009. 9. BlackBerry Nation Sample Chapter. Chapter Two The Birth of the BlackBerry. Online Available at http//blackberrynationbook. om/index. php/BlackBerry_ Nation_Sample_ChapterFinancing_The_BlackBerry Accessed 2 September 2009. 10. Damian Francis, 2009. Screw You Economic Downturn, Were BlackBerry . Online Available at http//www. popsci. com/gear-amp-gadgets/article/2009-02/screw-you-economic-downturn-we%E2%80%99re-blackberry Accessed 6 September 2009. Exhibit 1 Note RIM financial year ends in March (Fiscal 2008 is the year ending March 31, 2008) spring RIM Fiscal 2007 annual Report and Fiscal 2008 Press Release (April 2, 2008) Exhibit 2 picpic Exhibit 3 pic 1.BlackBerry effort Server Robust software that acts as the centralized link between wireless devices, wireless networks and enterprise applications. The server integrates with enterprise messaging and collaboration systems to provide mobile users with access to email, enterprise instant messaging and personal information management tools. All data between applications and BlackBerry smartphones flows centrally through the server. 2. BlackBerry Mobile Data System (BlackBerry MDS) An optimized framework for creating, deploying and managing applications for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution.It provides essential components that change applications beyond email to be deployed to mobile users, including developer tools, administrative services and BlackBerry Device Software. It also uses the same proven BlackBerry push delivery model and advanced security features used for BlackBerry email. 3. BlackBerry Smartphones structured wireless voice and data devices that are optimized to work with the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. They provide push-based access to email and data from enterprise applications and systems in addition to web, MMS, SMS and organizer applications. . BlackBerry Connect Devices Devices available from leading manufacturers that feature BlackBerry push delivery technology and connect to the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. 5. BlackBerry Alliance Program A large community of independent software vendors, system integrators and solution prov iders that offer applications, services and solutions for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. It is designed to help organizations make the most of the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution when mobilizing their enterprises. 6.BlackBerry Solution Services A group of services that include BlackBerry Technical Support Services, BlackBerry Training, RIM Professional Services and the Corporate Development Program. These tools and programs are designed to help organizations deploy, manage and extend their wireless solution. Source http//na. blackberry. com/eng/ataglance/solutions/architecture. jsp Exhibit 4 picpic Source http//www. rim. com/newsroom/media/gallery/index. shtml and Fortune, BlackBerry ontogenesis of an icon, Jon Fortt, Sept 21, 2007, accessed April 7, 2008 http//bigtech. blogs. fortune. cnn. om/blackberry-evolution-of-an-icon-photos-610/ Exhibit 5 MOBILE TELEPHONE USERS WORLDWIDE (IN MILLIONS) pic Source Created from data accessed from the Global Market Information Database, Apr il 4, 2008, http//www. portal. euromonitor. com. proxy1. lib. uwo. ca2048/portal/server. pt? control=SetCommunity&CommunityID=207&PageID=720&cached=false&space=CommunityPage Exhibit 6 pic pic Note Nokia 2007 includes Nokia Siemens. Source Company Annual Reports. Exhibit 7 pic Source RIM Annual Reports. Exhibit 8 Market share of mobile operating system 2008 pic Source Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Anthology of Poems

When some unmatchable loves you, the way they say your name is different. You live on that your name is safe in their mouth. This persuasive essays purpose is to persuade the lecturer to include three phenomenal poems in an anthology of natural Poetry. Each of the poems that leave behind be introduced have been written by indigenous Australians, and each includes a form of a blood within them, not only with mess, merely with culture, and Aboriginal and European Australians. The first poem to be introduced is Aboriginal Australia, by Jack Davis.This gut wrenching poem is just about the treacherous acts that the Europeans act against the Aborigines. The second poem that will be treated is Took the Children Away by Archie Roach. This poem, or song, is about the Stolen Generation, and the repercussions that it had on the children that experienced that event. Finally, the poem son of Mine by Oodgeroo Noonuccal will be introduced. Son of Mine is about the emotions behind the c ombat of the Europeans and Aborigines. Each of the three poems has a rightful place in an anthology of innate Poetry.The first poem that will be introduced is Aboriginal Australia written by poet Jack Davis. Aboriginal Australia is a raw and everywherewhelming poem about what the Europeans did to, and the effects that it had on most indigenous Australians. To support this heartfelt poem, Davis uses metaphors to stress the bold words that he has felt. The line, I would find a create verbally to probe your freckled mind, demonstrates the emotions that he was feeling in detail. It shows that amongst crabby people relationships do not always have a infrangible foundation, and are much weak.Likewise Davis use of mental imagery in, The smile on the governors face, validates not only the emotion that the Governor was feeling, but what he thought about everything that was happening to the aborigines. Aboriginal Australia is a heart wrenching poem about the tumultuous events that w ere caused by the albumen people when they unjustly murdered and kidnapped a large sum of the indigenous population. The poem demonstrates the image that at one point in time the relationships amongst white and black people was that of hatred.The second poem that I wish to discuss is Took the Children Away, by Archie Roach, is a heartfelt story about the Stolen Generation. Having been one of the children that were interpreted away by the whites, Roach takes an insightful approach to his lyrics. The emotive and accusive tone that Roach acquires, gives real meaning to his poem. Using the simile, And how they fenced us in like sheep, to convey the idea that the Aborigines didnt truly think that they had a say in how their life went, they were metaphorically trapped in their confess skin.The aboriginal children started to lose their relationship with their land and culture. The Aboriginal children were taught how to act and live, being told that it was good manners to always do w hat they were told, no matter how nonsense(a) the order was. Likewise, Roachs shrewd use of visual imagery in, said to us come take our hand, sent us slay to mission land, creates an idea of juxtaposition as they told the children that they were going to help and watch them, when all they did was send them off to white families as servants.The aboriginal people were told that they would be treated with respect, and they would be educated, but were treated the exact turnabout of what they were told. Took the Children Away deserves to be in the anthology of Indigenous Australian poetry as it has been written from a personal perspective, and has the exact emotions that were felt by one of the stolen children. The third and final poem that I would like to talk over is Son of Mine by Oodgeroo Noonuccal.Son of Mine is a short and immediately to the point poem on the experiences that the Aboriginal people went through eon fighting the Europeans. It discusses the good and bad emotions , and actions that the Aboriginals went through, including the heartbreak, and conglutination that both races experienced. Noonuccal has swell haughtiness in her tone when she mentions the, brave and fine, men that put others before themselves during the often hard and tumultuous events that occurred. She describes the different relationships between the two different races.Noonuccal really defines the large gap between the two different relationships, and how quick the relationship could change. Noonuccals use of juxtaposition in, black and white entwine, deeply expresses the relationships between the two different cultures of indigenous, and European. Son of Mine definitely deserves to be in an Anthology for Indigenous Australians as it is one of the only texts that include both the hatred, and the brotherhood between the white and indigenous Australians. It would be a great profit to the anthology.All three of these poems demonstrate some sort of a relationship. They show gr eat compassion for whatever topic they are artistically discussing. Aboriginal Australia, Took the Children Away, and Son of Mine all demonstrate feelings of hurt, happiness and heartbreak, thus making them practiced for the anthology. The three poems that have been introduced each have a theme of relationships, whether between race, or culture. They definitely deserve a spot in an anthology of Indigenous Poetry.

Holden Caulfield from “The Catcher in The Rye” Essay

The Catcher in the Rye the reader can substantiate the world through his eyes as he is the one narrating the bosh in first person. Holden is a young teenager, the age of sixteen who is emotionally disturbed and confused boy who is entering the journey of adulthood. Holden is a regular(prenominal) teenager who is rather irritated and disgusted by the society that surrounds him. To me he comes across as a witty individual because of the way he makes fun of, as he likes to call it the phony bulk in society he comes across with in the reinvigorated. He is from a family organise of two parents who seem to be quite wealthy, as they live in an expensive part of New York most concourse grow to be wealthy to live in New York. Holden also was two bothers, D.B. and Allie, Allie whom is on the spur of the moment at the age of thirteen and he has a younger baby Phoebe.During the novel we discover that Holden is rather depressed young man because of his past, with the devastation of his brother and the failings of his grades in the recent schools he has attended to, he has flummox unhappy which leads him to have a breakdown. It seems that Holden is rattling dissatisfied with life and has never had any help during his quantify of confusion so I var. he is rather week and in some parts of the novel he feels like committing suicide.Holden has a huge sense of moral determine, which practically seems to interfere with other peoples loss of values. Because of other peoples values he gets frustrated and thinks people are phony. Holden seems to be a rather mean person as you read his feelings and how he feels towards people but it is only what he thinks. When Holden does something wrong he feels genuinely illegal ab disclose his behavior and it often eats him up inside. Like the time when he went out with Sally Hayes and he calls her a annoyance in the ass when she refuses to run away with him, after he feels really guilty and can barely stop thinking approximate ly it. He is also a person who cant get things out of his mind when things bother him like when Ward Stradlater goes out with his old missy Jane Gallagher throughout the novel he thinks about it a lot and wonders how the experience went.Holden hates the movies and loves books. Holden behavior while he is in New York going to forbid and meeting women he acts like a adult by bullet and drinking, but he is very critical to others that live that kind of lifestyle.It would be rather hard to see myself as Holden or even acting like him even for a day because Im very different from him and Im not as critical towards people as he is. I think it would be difficult to be friends with him because I would always be wondering what he is thinking about me and usually when he does think of someone it is always in a negative way. But still it was easy to identify him because I have friends that are sort of like him and they act the same way.

Analysis on Olin Corporation

Olin differentiates itself from competitors by focusing the merchandiser market. Sales and ingathering This is a rotary assiduity. This cyclical arises beca exercise supply is limited by the physical capacity of manufacturing facilities and ability to denounce the co-product. Given these are commodity products, prices are very responsive to changes in supply and demand. Timing capacity growth with the cycle authorises to a growth in gross sales. Demand for end-products ultimately drives demand for Color Alkali. The energy avail North America has by using natural gas kind of of crude oil has grown exports of end-products.Customers Most of sales are to the merchant market. The company is able to capture a greater hare of the merchant chlorine market than its overall share of the market capacity because it focuses on the merchant market instead of using the products in conquerstream production. be and Suppliers Almost 50% of production cost is raw materials. The two major(ip) needs are electricity and salt. Electricity comes from coal, hydroelectric, natural gas and nuclear power. Regulatory Olin must comply with legislation regarding the environment, such as air, irrigate and land quality, which requires capital expenditures and increases operation costs.The company has programs in place to diminish waste and prevent pollution. Legislation as passed in October 2009 surrounding the use of mercury cell technology, but expired without enactment. This would have increased the costs of run mercury cell capacity, of which Olin has one facility. Since it is uncertain whether something similar impart happen in the future, Olin chose to convert its mercury cell capacity now, that lead to a restructuring charge incurred in 2010. Winchester Olin has held Winchester for 80 years. Winchester is the premier developer and manufacturer of junior-grade caliber ammunition.Production is located in East Alton, IL, but refreshful plans were announced in 2010 to move this operation to Oxford, MS. This would be the most upstart production facility in North America and reduce operating costs by $30 million. Competitive environment The ammunition industry creates branded consumer products. Factors contributing to product differentiation include performance, product establishment and brand recognition. Among competitors, Wellnesss NAS Eden addle to leverage I TTS Drain name, fashioning it one of the three overlargest commercial ammunition manufactures in the United States, along with Lillian Tachometers and Remington Arms Company.Sales and growth Winchester has been able to drive sales by creation a retail brand of choice and an industry innovator. Recently, the company has develop reduced-lead and non-lead products. Sales are seasonal with an increase in sales during the accrue hunting season. Several five-year contracts provide stability in future sales going forward. Currently, Winchester does have a backlog of $178. 1 million which is dow n from the previous year. Customers Customers include retailers, law enforcement agencies, and militaries.Winchester has developed strong relationships with industrial customers, visual sense merchants, wholesalers and specialty sporting goods retailers. The company also holds several entrants with the U. S. Government, accounting for 5% of sales in 2010. Costs and Suppliers The raw materials needed include copper, ammunition cartridge case cups, and lead, purchased from vendors at the market price plus a conversion charge. Propellant, the other raw material needed, is purchased mostly from one large U. S. Supplier. Management and Ownership Management has a strong understanding of long-run value creation.Olin uses a discounted cash flow model to value the companys thanksgiving and reviews their assumptions annually and/or when assumptions are changed by circumstances. Olin sees several compensation methods that helper align managements interest with shareholders. A table outlini ng compensation can be found on page 29 of the appendix. Institutions account for 80% of the popular stock while insiders hold less than 1%. Olin common stock, traded on New York Stock Exchange, has 80. 2 million shares outstanding with an estimated float of 79. 5 million.

Explore the Relation Between Othello and Desdemona

Furthermore, the catastrophe of the play is Othello hubris forcing him to murder his wife the action which proves his Inability to Integrate with Venetian society. Shakespeare presents the relationship between Des valet and Othello in a deeply Immersed way by defining it both in terms of their personal interaction, and the reaction and tour of duty of the characters in the play. Most importantly, the antagonist of the play, Ago, uses Adhesions goodness as the net to entangle Othello, In addition to his other victims Including Cassia and Ordering. Gags Machiavellian plot to be evened with Othello, wife for wife depends heavily on his ability to destroy his labor union therefore confirming the importance of Desman. The status of Desman and Toothless relationship as a major point of conflict is clear from the very stock of the play where Ago and Ordering attempt to poison the delight of invalidation by revealing that Desman had secretly married Othello. In terms of context, th e ideal of marriage without parental consent was taboo in Jacobean society, and wouldve been moot even in Venetian society which was considered much more relaxed than Jacobean Britain.It Is also Inte tranquilitying to note the use of the word poison, which Is a strong theme throughout the play -? ND foreshadows Toothless ultimate request that Ago get me some poison in grade to murder Desman. Foreshadowing is further utilizes by Shakespeare in Act II Scene l, where he has Barbarian warn Othello to look to her Moor, she has deceived her Father and whitethorn thee. This effect Is heightened by Toothless require that he places my life upon her reliance, a moment of great irony which perfectly complements the claim that in losing Desman, he loses himself.It is important to note the great trust Othello places in Desman In this scene and how it coincides with his nonevent, eloquent speech which prompts the Duke to acknowledge this tale would win my lady friend too. The poetic blank verse which Othello speaks, and has led some critics such as A C Bradley to describe him as the most amorous among Shakespearean heroes is in stark contrast to the clumsy, monosyllabic prose which he speaks later on In the play by which point his confidence In Desman, and because himself, has been destroyed by Ago.There is some element of truth in Othello claim that he loved too well and it is this resolute nature which in the end dooms him. His rashness, which would have been praised as decisiveness on the battlefield, forces him to dismiss Cassia by chance too swiftly and place too much trust in honest Ago, whose role as ensign should be confined to armed forces affairs not his generals private life. It could also be argued that Othello was doomed by his race, in the words of Anta Lomb the inflict of the play derives from the threat of a smuggled man and a white woman to the patriarchal Venetian society.The racialist semantic field used in the opening scene, thick lips, sure-enough(a) black ram and simply the moor sets a precedent for the rest of the play, and Othello final speech where he acknowledges he is an outsider, circumcised dog is evidence that Lagos exercise has forced him to question himself and become the stereotype Ago depicted him as. Ultimately, the relationship of Desman and Othello is integral to the play, and Othello descent into barbarism is facilitated by his loss of faith in Desman.Othello himself placed his life upon her faith and as a resolute man he was left with no choice but to destroy himself when he felt she had betrayed him. Lagos malignant, calculating intelligence led him to the conclusion that the moor he hated could be destroyed by his love for his wife well(p) as Ordering could be destroyed by his lust, and Cassia by his arrogant, flirtatious nature. Lagos ability to detect the weaknesses of those around him is the characteristic which defines the tragedy of Othello, and thus the knowledge that Desman is Vita l to her Husband allowed him to exact his Machiavellian plot with tragic consequences.

Principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children Essay

in this unit I fracture be explain the article of beliefs and value and wherefore supposeive physical exertion is needed for a practician and what modalitys they stinker improve on their practice. I am as well as encyclopedism what the responsibilities of the practician when master(prenominal)taining captain consanguinitys.The commandments and values in a nipper c argon context of intake ar in backside to give the practitioners a guideline to jock keep up hood standard of claw care practice. The EYFS mannikin promotes the four overarching principles.The boors welfare and safety is one of the main principles because the welfare of the child is paramount. (Jago, 2011) When a child is under the care of the backing the practitioner leave persist closely with them which operator that they volition shake up out to know the childs background including any medical filling that they need to know slightly. in addition the background should use correct conduct management. Never use physical punishment is a main principle as it is used to keep children safe this doer the pose is assay to keep them away from harm and abuse. While in the shot practitioners should exist the emergency procedures so that no one including themselves go out stir up agony during an evacuation emergency evacuations should also be carried out so that when in that location is a fire drill or an actual fire in the vista indeed the children will know what to do in that guinea pig of situation. The source carried out a put on the line assessment in the setting which involved moving cleaning substances so that no child could get to them and so that it didnt cause any harm to the child.An an early(a)(prenominal) principle is respect the parent as the primary carer and educator of the child which pith the practitioner should work closely with parents to understand their views and wishes and they should be respected where possible. Practitioners work with parents and families who are in the care, learning and development of their children and are the childs first and most enduring educators. (Ruthierhyme, 2011) Practitioners work with parents if their child is getting a special mention in an assembly then they could invite the parents in to watch. The parent and child come for visitsbefore they truly start at the setting so they know what the setting is like and who their practitioner is this whitethorn friend the child to settle in to the setting quicker when they actually start.One of the main principles is upholding the childs rights and dignity practitioners moderate to make sure that they are not stereotyping or discriminating anyone in the setting. This means that if there are a entire variety of cultures in the setting the practitioner could do arts and crafts from their cultures. If in the setting children want to read or play then the practitioner could let them use multi-cultural dolls and books about other cultu res. Workers should not discriminate and should encourage children to avoid prejudice (Park, un cognize) The author has do this in the setting by having a boy who is Chinese so then in the setting the author did a wide browse of activities on Chinese New Year so that other children knew about the festival.A point in the CACHE statement of values and principles is hugger-muggerity and agreements about confidential education are respected as separate unless a childs protection and well-being are at s concentrate. (CACHE, 2010) This means that if you are taking notes on a childs behaviour or reading a childs send to perk special requirements, never leave it lying around for anyone else to go across and when you have finished with the file place it in a locked register cabinet. When practitioners do observe children they should not mention names or the place where the observation has been done. The author had done this in the setting to evaluate a childs physical development an d to see what could be done to improve on these skills.There are many ways that a practitioner butt end set out about childrens interests rough of these are, by doing observations on the children to see what they like to play with talk to the children to see what they enjoy doing and what their hobbies may be and also wrangle with parents to see what the child likes to do composition they arent at the setting.There are benefits for the practitioner which accommodate that they gage plan a suit fitting environment for the children the practitioner can engage with thechildren to suit their individual needs. This way the practitioner will be able to build verificatory kinships with both the children and their families as it extends their learning experiences.There are also many benefits for the children as well which include the children will make a contribution to planning which will nip and tuck the childs self-esteem which will also improve their impudence this will help them to develop their skills and knowledge, it also increases chance for communication by the children communicating with the practitioner, friends and their family this will also help the children develop a positive relationship with their practitioner and peers in the setting.The author has used the wide clasp of ways to find out about childrens interests in the setting as there is children from various age ranges in the setting so the author used observation techniques and talking to parents to find out what type of activities children like to do so that the author can develop braggy led activities around the childrens interests which will make them more occupied in the setting and want to experience a wide range of activities put into place.Reflective practice is a process by which you city block and think about your practice, consciously analyse your decision making and decease on theory and relate it to what you do in practice. (Physiotherapy, unknown)As a practitioner it is eventful to reflect on your practice as it can piddle a higher(prenominal) quality of practice.Reflective practice is an ongoing energetic process if thinking honestly, deeply and critically about all aspects of professional practice with children and families it occurs spontaneously as well as in p bevyted reflection. Practitioners use pensive practice to recognise and continue good practice as well as to challenge practices that are taken for tending(p) to change and improve what is not working well in the setting to monitor all aspects of practice on an on-going basis and to know how to find out more information and support from others.When a practitioner is reflecting on their practice they should usually follow the reflection cycle formally known as the Gibbs cycle (P, K, K, & H, 2007, p. 228) to show what they need to do processing in ordering to potbelly with a problem. This type of reflection may take place when we have had time to stand back (QMU, unknown)from their practice.Practitioners need to reflect on their practice because then they will bring a higher quality practice and better outcomes for children and families the practitioner will also be aware of and values and beliefs in the setting they are more likely to challenge other practices they can make an inclusive environment means accommodating, recognizing and fall ining the learning needs of all students. (Jeeves, Unknown). Practitioners also reflect on their practice as it leads to seeking out look into, resources and advice and it also promotes collaboration surrounded by professionals.When practitioners reflect on their practice there is many ways they can do this. Some of the ways are keeping meditative journals, go to meetings, talk to a t individually or critical friend, have reflective practice notice boards in the setting, professional learning experiences and follow out research are just a few ways in which practitioners use to reflect their practice.The author uses reflective journals as a record of thinking of all aspects of their practice. The author uses stories about the practice that she does she uses meaningful words and drawings she also uses pictures to use as a memory to whether the activity worked well or not and whether to use the activity in the future and a reflective account on what the children involved thought of the activity. When the author does a reflective journal she can also keep an online copy for future acknowledgment if she loses the hand written one.When doing reflective practice the author also uses a mentor or critical friend to talk to, as they will be able to challenge the authors practice from another point of view. The mentor or critical friend can be there for advise, a guide, for the author to ask them questions, provide resources and shared rights also they offer a perspective from a 3rd person angle. Thiscan be a colleague or someone outside of the workplace and be face-to-face, online or over the phon e.Practitioners have the responsibility to maintain a professional relationship with children, families, colleagues and other professionals in a range of settings. When working in an first years setting you will be expect to work with other professionals that may be on the said(prenominal) site as yourself or from the community where they will be required to come into the setting. A practitioners main responsibility in a professional relationship varies between children, adults and other professionals.The practitioner must carry out a professional relationship whilst working with the children to ensure that all the children are toughened equally and fairly although children should be treated equally it is also important to value diversity and understand that children do not have the same individual needs. Keeping consistent boundaries and rules are important in order for the children to become familiar with the rules and for them to develop an understanding of what they are not a llowed to do while in the setting. This can be done by ensuring that there is no favouritism shown to a particular proposition child or children. It is also essential that no child is discriminated against while they are under the practitioners care.Practitioners also need to keep a professional relationship with families. there are many reasons for doing so, but in terms of building relationships with children this makes a probative difference (P, K, K, & H, 2007, p. 137) So if there is a problem or business that a parent may have about their child while in the setting then the family can talk privately with the practitioner and can discuss what they think would be a suitable way to help the child with their worry so that they can resolve the topic as this will also build a intrusting relationship. Also this way the practitioner can explain to the childs family what activities they are doing in the setting and if there are any parent and child sessions being held for them to jo in in with.Practitioners need to also keep a positive relationship with colleagues andother professionals in the setting as they will need to discuss with each other about childrens holistic development and what help the child may need to get them to their expected milestone for their age and stage of development. All practitioners in the setting can learn from each other, if you dont fully understand how to deal with a situation in the setting , or if you need help with an activity you can watch and learn from other team members and adults overlap responsibilities, this is a great benefit while working within a team and with other adults as there are a lot of responsibilities working in childcare share the work load, by sharing the work load with adult or team members the twenty-four hours to day running of the setting can go quit smoothly.Practitioners need a positive relationship with multi- billet teams as then practitioners will be able to learn new skills i.e. learn techniq ues to do if a child has to have massages on their legs due to illness or injury as then they will have been taught from the physiotherapist what to do with the child and how many time during the day in the setting as this will help the child be more comfortable. By practitioners building positive relationships with multi-agency teams they will be able to build a relationship with them so that they can discuss information on what they think the next steps for the child may be this can be through social services, physiotherapist or even a speech therapist.Keeping information about children and their families confidential is essential in maintaining professional relationships because if a child has told you information that may need to be passed on then it may need to be looked into to get to the bottom of what has happened so then the practitioner will alone need to pass the information on to the correct member of ply and not tell others that dont need to know as if this happens t hen they are breaking the confidentiality policy. The nature of our work in crop brings us into contact with confidential Information. All those involved with handling information working in, or with school must be able to do so sensibly and with confidence. (School M. P., 2011) This is because if the practitioner breaks the confidentiality policy it could become a risk for the child and also the child may feel like they cannot trust thepractitioner anymore which then they will not build a positive relationship with the practitioner and may become withdrawn for the setting.For the practitioner to have positive relationships, they will need to demonstrate and imitate effectual Communication skills, this means that practitioners should consider both how they approach other tidy sum and how you respond to them. We are more likely to communicate information to each other if we have positive relationships. Parents and other adults either colleagues or multi agency team workers who co me into the school are more likely to give beneficial support if communication is strong and effective. It is also important for pupils that we model effective communication skills. If we ask pupils to behave in a particular way when communicating and then forget to do so ourselves, they will find it harder to understand the boundaries of what is acceptable.Multi professional approach is working together to meet the needs of a child /children by Education Health & favorable care. (M B. , 2011) This is where professional teams from all over come to work with children that need a specific teams help and support for their learning and development. In the Every sister matter 2007 it states that there are two types of multi professional approach which areBibliographyBeaver M Brewster J Green S Neaum S Sheppard H Tallack J Walker M. (2008). CACHE level 3 Child trouble and Education. London Nelson Thornes. C, C., & A, R. (unknown, unknown unkown). Sequential transition patterns of presc hoolers social interaction during child-initiated play. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from cognizance direct http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200603000036 CACHE. (2010). CACHE Level 3 introduce in early years and Child Care for play workers fifth edition. Essex Health and Education. children, A. f. (unknown, unknown unknown). developing effective positive relationships. Retrieved May 13, 2014, from action for children http//www.actionforchildren.org.uk/policy-research/policy-priorities/developing-effective-professional-relationships Department for Children, S. a. (2009, November unknown). Every Child Matters Change for Children. Retrieved

Linguistic Diversity in France

La langue de la Republique est le francais. Article 2 of the cut Constitution, rewrite as recently as 1992, leaves no room for misinterpretation. France is non cognize as a multilingual nation, nor genius with a well cognize multilingual history. How ever so The plain linguistic union of France hides a quite an different reality of considerable linguistic diversity. (Laroussi and Marcellesi 1995, 85) The countrys monolingual facade hides a multitude of regional lyric poems, whose talkers eat up faced ill and suppression for centuries.An enormous amount of conscious manipulation by the powers that agree goerned France through the ages has led to the complex linguistic smirch that can be found in France today. This essay will present an all overview of the historical yetts which have led to Frances present day linguistic situation paid particular attention to the countrys regional phrases and their posture. Breton and Basque will be the two regional languages foc u tilise on. french, the sole language of the french Republic, is for tiree one of the countrys most powerful and influential assets. France has exported the French language all told over the world, go forthing in mingled with seventy trillion and one hundred and ten million native speakers and twenty-nine countries apply it as their prescribed language today. However before introduction this globose platform, French had to establish itself indoors its own country, a deal utmost much complicated than one might think.When the Romans began extending the frontiers of their empire to Gaul, an area which incorporates groundbreaking day France, Belgium, Germany as far as the Rhine and Switzerland from lake Geneva to lake Constance ( line up pose 1993, 39) they encountered a high level of linguistic variety. A mixture of Greek, pre-Indo-European and Celtic languages as well as many different languages that linguists have little familiarity of to this day could be found. As the Romans took control of this area from the second cytosine BC, there followed a period of romanisation, and with this, presumably, latinisation.As put forward by Lodge The rich archaeological record tireviving from the Gallo-Roman period enables historians to trace the interpenetrate of Roman civilisation in Gaul in some dilate (see Theve non 1948). The process of latinisation undoubtedly followed the same paths as that of romanisation, but direct point related to the linguistic history of the period is scanty. In all opportunity the latinisation of Gaul was very gradual (Lodge 1993, 42) As Latin infiltrated Gaul, it most liable(predicate) became make ford by the languages already present, resulting in a variety of non- modular Latins.The Gallo-Roman period lasted for to the highest degree five centuries, until the Barbaric Germanic invaders the Francs, the Visigoths and the Burgundians invaded and took over in the fifth ascorbic acid A. D. leaving behind them a lin guistic legacy. The vulgar Latin already present mutated with the arrival of these new linguistic influences and France, at this point, was the proprietor of a large flake of different dialects. These dialects became clearly split between the one-ninth and the thirteenth centuries forming the dialectical divisions of France the langues doil in the North and the langues doc in the south.This split came about as the northern half, from around Lyon upwards, take oil for yes, whereas the southern half said oc. (Davidson 2011, 110) right away, the langues doil found French, Breton and Alsatian and the langues doc are make up of Occitan, Basque, Catalan and Franco-Provencal. The improbably diverse linguistic platform present at this time allay does not shed much light as to why French emerged as the single language of the French Republic. From this point, French emerges as an arguably planned language. see opine 1993) During the Old French Period, between the tenth and thirteenth c enturies, the dialect of lIle de France, the region which today incorporates Paris, grew in influence, particularly upon the languages of the North, but also on some South of the Loire. This dialect, Francien, replaced a number of dialects already in existence. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, as the influence of Paris became much important, so too did its dialect. The invention of printing in the fifteenth century was a highly significant factor in the spread of Francien.It is in the sixteenth century that we truly begin to see the manipulation of language in France, which has resulted in the complex linguistic situation present today. Although Francien had spread and was an important language in the country, the vast mass of the inhabitants of France had no knowledge of it and spoke a variety of regional languages and dialects. maneuver linguistic legislation was introduced in an effort to regulate the linguistic situation. gestural into police by Francois I on August tenth 1539, the Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterets declared that all judicial acts must be carried out in Francien, in French.Articles 110 and 111 state Et afin quil ny ait cause de douter tire lintelligence desdits arrests, nous voulons et ordonnons quils soient faits et escrits si clairement, quil ny ait ne puisse avoir aucune ambiguite ou incertitude, ne lieu a demander interpretation. Et pour ce que de telles choses sont souvent advenues sur lintelligence des mots latins contenus esdits arrests, nous voulons dores en avant que tous arrests, supporting players toutes autres procedures, soient prononcez, enregistrez et delivrez aux parties en langaige maternel francois et non autrement. (Wartburg 1946, 145)This legislation excluded not however Latin, but also all regional languages and dialects, and it is here that we see the first inklings of French gaining superiority over its minor neighbours. Through this law, as the language of public administration, French pronto gai ned importance and by the end of the sixteenth century had achieved a heightened linguistic status. Further language legislation came about in 1635 with the official founding of the Academie francaise, a body to encourage, standardize and manage French as a language in all aspects and to create a grammar and a French dictionary.Then Vaugelas (1585-1650) who was at the forefront of much of the Academies early work published his Remarques sur la lange francaise in 1647 which became a linguistic Bible, the very foundation of le bon usage. (Judge 1993, 11) French had now gained a huge amount of stature. It was the simply language of the upper classes, royalty and the educated. Speakers of Breton, Basque, Alsatian, Catalan and all former(a) forms of regional language and dialect were regarded as second class citizens, as they spoke the tongues of the masses. The derogatory term patois was used to describe this crude form of language.In 1798, as the Ancien Regime was overthrown by the F rench Revolution, linguistic homogeny and standardization became important issues. How could a country proclaim complete unity without being able to go by in a common language to all fellow Frenchmen? The administrator of the first republic, Abbe Gregoire, sought to gain a better understanding of the linguistic situation, in a battle against the common patois, conducting a survey on the state of French in 1790 entitled Sur la necessite et les moyens danteantir les patois et duniversaliser lusage de la langue francoise. His results revealed that French was some a foreign language in the majority of France. though Gregoire was unconditioned as to what they were speaking, describing Corsican as Italian and Alsatian and its meet dialects as German (see Luxardo 2000) he discovered that the vast majority of Frances inhabitants were not speaking French. Only just under an eighth of the entire race spoke the language fluently. The results of Gregoires survey led to the issue and sub stantiation of a decree in 1794 declaring unilingualism in all areas of France.The measures were no more extreme than the goal the complete eradication of the regional languages that undermined Frances unity The monarchy had reasons to resemble the Tower of Babel in democracy, leaving the citizens to ignore the national language, unable to control the power, is betraying the motherland For a free people, the tongue must be one and the same for everyone How much money have we not worn-out(a) already for the translation of the laws of the first two national assemblies in the motley dialects of FranceAs if it were our duty to maintain those barbaric jargons and those coarse lingos that can only serve fanatics and counter-revolutionaries now Bertrand Barere, a member of the National Convention who had presided over the trial of Louis XVI (Davidson 2011, 112) Military conscription, the improvement of communication networks and culture became very important in the spread of the French language and the eradication of regional languages and dialects. any(prenominal) soldiers conscripted into the army from all parts of France were coerce to communicate in a common language French.Communication networks were meliorate and this increased Pariss, the centre from which standard French originated, influence over France. In 1832, primary education was complete and by the end of the nineteenth century Jules Ferry, the Minister for Public Instruction, made it free and compulsory for all French citizens. The introduction of progressive education came simultaneously with the suppression of minority languages. No other language but French was allowed and French culture and ostentation was very much promoted within the classroom.These factors had a huge influence on the growing dominance of the French language. Regional languages and dialects faced a bleak future. Brittany can boast one of the most unique and interesting cultures of France. However, Breton is one of the m ost diminished regional languages in France. It is most concentrated in Le Finistere, and is not, nor has ever been an official language of France. As with all minority communities, the increasing control of the state in all aspects of their everyday lives has subjected the Breton community to a rocess of linguistic and heathenish assimilation into the mainstream of French society. (Davidson 2011, 88) Under the third, fourth and fifth French republics, Breton children caught speaking their native Breton in school, as opposed to French, were subjected to the humiliation of having to wear a symbol around their neck which displayed their offence. Others had to do extra homework or received corporal punishment for their transgressions. In Davidsons book, a Breton looks pricker on his grandparents experiences at school My grandparents speak Breton too, though not with me.As children, they used to have their fingers smacked if they happened to say a word in Breton. Back then, the French of the Republic, one and indivisible, was to be heard in all schools, and those who dared challenge this policy were humiliated by having to wear a clog around their necks or kneel down on a ruler under a sign that read It is forbidden to spit on the ground and speak Breton. Thats the reason why some older folks wint transmit the language to their children it brings trouble upon yourself. Nicolas de la Casiniere, Ecoles Diwan, la bosse du Breton) (Davidson 2011, 113) speaking ones native Breton tongue had so many negatively charged repercussions that it was far easier to submit to the imposition of the French language, which greatly reduced the number of Breton speakers. The Basque language faced similar repression to Breton. Basque culture is one of great pride in a unique society which differs from the French and Spanish cultures surrounding its locale.Their most apparent distinction is their language The most obvious contrariety between the Basques and their neighbours in F rance and Spain is their extraordinary language which the Basques themselves call euskera or euskara depending on which dialect they speak. (Hooper 1986, 231) The most incredible feature of the Basque language is that, apart from person words absorbed from French and Spanish, it displays no similarities with its neighbouring languages, nor any trace of romantic, or even Indo-European roots. There is thus an understandable pride in this exceptional language.A language of antiquity, Basque certainly has important ancient roots. Many Basques desire that their language was once spoken all over Europe. Some even state the whole world once spoke Basque. According to Davidson nonpareil theory even has Adam and Eve speaking Basque. (Davidson 2011, 122) The enormous maven of pride in this regional language did not prevent its declension at the hands of the French government. As in in Brittany, children were forced not to speak their native tongue at school, but rather to communicate in the langue de la Republique. Failure to do so would result in punishment. it is schooling in French that has largely accelerated the process of debasquisation. (Laroussi and Marcellesi 1993, 88) The situation for regional languages was dire. However, the linguistic state of affairs with regard to these minorities improved slightly with the introduction of the Loi Deixonne in 1951 which allowed for the teaching of regional languages and dialects in the classroom. though it was a step in the just direction, the law was criticised for being only tolerant, but not accommodating in the promotion of these languages.Article 3 of the law states Every teacher who so requests will be authorised to founder each week, one hour of activities to the teaching of elementary notions of reading and composition in the local idiom and to the study of selected texts from the corresponding literature. This teaching is nonmandatory for the pupils. (article 3, Deixonne Law, cited in Grau 1987 161) ( Oakes 2001, 181) This law allowed for Breton and Basque as well as all other native languages and dialects of France to be taught in schools. Extra teaching hours of the languages could also be allocated outside the curriculum.The introduction of these languages into education slowly made allowances for non state-funded immersion schools to be set up in both regions Diwan schools in Brittany and Ikastolas in Iparralde, the Basque region. In Brittany today, bilingual road signage can be seen. Due to the more important co-official status of Basque within the Spanish Basque country, Basque television, radio and newspapers are available. Though there is now a more sympathetic attitude towards the regions of France which had their master copy languages or dialects suppressed, the situation today is by no means ideal.Breton, Basque and other regional languages do not have official status, nor are they ever used by the authorities. Even though article 75-1 that was added to the French re putation in 2008 states that regional languages are part of the patrimony of the state, their legal status is inappropriate given their historic relevance. France remains one of the few countries not to have ratified the European Charter for Regional or minority Languages. These languages still cower beneath the oppressive power of French and the apparent linguistic unity certainly does hide a little cognize linguistic diversity.In a country with the maxim of Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite, one is forced to wonder, as the language of the republic is French and French alone, where is this liberte and egalite in the suppression of the right to speak, learn and live ones own language? recognise Bibliography Constitution de la Republique francaise in Assemblee national http//www. assemblee-nationale. fr/connaissance/constitution. asp (accessed 19th display 2012) Davidson J. P. 2011. Planet Word, London Penguin Hagege C. 1996. Le francais, histoire dun combat, Boulogne-Billancourt Edit ions Michel HagegeHooper J. 1986. The New Spaniards, London Penguin Judge A. 1993. French a planned language? in Sanders C. (ed) 1993. French Today Language in its brotherly Context, Cambridge Cambridge University Press Kinsella C. 2011. Senior Freshman philology Class Notes, Dublin Trinity College Dublin Laroussi F. , and Marcellesi J. B. 1993. The other languages of France towards a multilingual policy in Sanders C. (ed) 1993. French Today Language in its Social Context, Cambridge Cambridge University Press Lodge R. A. 1993.French From Dialect to Standard, London and New York Routledge Luxardo H. 2000. LAbbe Gregoireen guerrecontre les tongue(1790-1794) http//brezhoneg. gwalarn. org/istor/gregoire. html (accessed 19th March 2012) Oakes L. 2001, Language and national identity comparing France and Sweden, capital of The Netherlands and Philadelphia John Benjamins B. V. Rickard P. 1974. A History of the French Language, London Hutchinson and Co Wartburg W. V. 1946. ontogenesis et structure de la langue francaise, Bale A. Francke S. A. Berne .