Sampling Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling Techniques - Essay ExampleTo start with, probability have involves random pickaxe and has four methods as follows. Simple random sampling where there is an equal chance of selection for both element. In systematic random sampling every nineth element is selected while stratified random sampling is one in which population is divided into segments (Trochim, 2004). Lastly cluster sample is where a particular subgroup is at random chosen to represent the population under study.In conclusion, non-probability random samples occur due to influence by certain factors. These factors atomic number 18 as follows Convenience which is easy to find, purposive relating to the purpose intended, snowball sampling where the chosen subject suggests another, and finally quota which involves subgroups chosen to represent a quota of the population to be studied (Tille and Ardilly,187). Sampling advantages are while saving, economical, easy to adapt, reliable and indispensable. Limitations of sampling or inaccuracy in the results, expensive in terms of time and energy, unsuitable in that not applicable to other areas, and inherent defects in the

Choose one from 6 topics, I attatched files Essay

Choose one from 6 topics, I attatched files - Essay ExampleThe father has as healthful as left and the mothers departure is also a reflection of the search for their father. The two sister are left with the auntie they do not know and presents a hostile environment hence validating their minority as reflected in the minor transnationalism. Their children are left long before they could realize the reason for the desertion.The girls are visualised as scrubbing and cleaning for their aunt to fill the plastic neandertal bank that will slide by to their reunion with their mother. The idea of the minor transnationalism is validated, in this case, the two sisters have both engaged with as well as against the others who are the majority as they put efforts to fill the plastic piggy bank. Their engagement is in line with the provisions of the minor transnationalism as it shows a vertical framework of opposition and assimilation. Indeed, he piece also showcases how these young characte rs engage with both majority and other minority cultures. For example, their aunt represents the majority and their granny knot who they sympathize with depicts their engagement with other minorities. Their desertion is evident as the elder sister washes her sibling to hold open her from feeling a state of desertion. The two sisters are however sold grasshoppers to care for themselves as they face the return of their mother despite being in a diaspora.The younger sister is in a state of withdrawal however, her elder sister tries to make her happy as she takes the role of parenting her. The sisters must attain to come to terms with their isolation or minority status. The sisters know the threats of the external environment they live. Jin shows affection for her sister despite desperately feeling abandoned but have little knowledge about their situation. Thus, the characters correspond the minor transnationalism description as they fight creatively despite being minority to fill their piggy bank as they know that will bring their mother back. On

Economic assisgnment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic assisgnment - appellation ExampleGeometrically, this effect is demonstrated by a shift of remove curve for bananas from Latin American market. Since the grant of agricultural product is inelastic, a gradual increase in the demand of bananas causes excess demand or shortage of bananas. It means that many buyers with will and the purchasing power are chancing few bananas2. The offset hurt increases but more proportional than the increase in the measurement supplied.Increase in quantity demanded and increased propane users have led to a boost in the demand for propane in the USA market. Since the supply is inelastic, this change in the USA market for propane causes a shift in the demand curve. It led to a shortage in the market, which encourage the supplier to skyrocket the price of propane to take the advantage in the market. outside goods become attractive to the US consumers, and they ought to import thereby decreasing the demand for propane in the US market. The res idual price decreases and equalizer price will then decrease.In retrospect, propane and kick upstairs crops are complementary goods. When the price of propane increases, the price of farm crops also increases. The price of propane and reduced quantity of propane are among the non-price factors that affect the price of farm crops in the market. It causes a shortage since less will be produced and shift of the supply curve upward. The equilibrium price rises and equilibrium price decreases.According to Arthurs Okuns theory, a three-percentage increase in economic crop causes a one-percentage decrease in unemployment. Mathematically, the data above is consistent3. On the other hand, Phillips explained that unemployment is inversely related to inflation. The figure out above exemplifies this correlation since as the unemployment decreases from 10.0% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2006, inflation increases from 0.8% to 1.4% respectively. To this end, Okuns theory

Evaluation Review Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation Review Paper - Essay ExampleMy personality has also changed as I was much introvert and isolated, but when I was required to deal with many people on insouciant basis, I attained confidence and way of interacting successfully with people. If I check the role of journaling in my progress professionally as well as personally, I consider it quite beneficial. I was to input my experiences and my feelings regarding my give and these narratives helped me to analyze my performance at sound and to bring in improvements. Sometimes, I felt weird enchantment dealing with my clients because I was not able to meet their demands, but later on, I learned to check into my behavior and temper in order to facilitate them with what they wanted.When I started working in WHW, I had a different personality. As I have mentioned earlier on, I was very shy, introvert and confuse, but later learning to work in an organizational setting, I saw improvement in my professional as well as persona l personality. I am quite different from what I was before. When I used to see clothes and show the clients, what they studyed as a personal shopper, I felt quite weird and confused and I easily lost my temper. However, with the passage of time and learning, I was much break off in dealing with the clients without losing my temper. I spent hours and hours with them to show them what they needed. I learned a lot to work as a personal shopper. I marveled in my work to assist people who were in need of help. However, sometimes, I was also worried and disturbed when I was overloaded with additional work.The act upon of field seminar was beneficial. Initially, I was afraid of having a collaborative experience and in corresponding and interacting with different people, but when I started the process of corresponding with other people, it appeared quite interesting. I used to help my companion interns and we helped each other in our

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 233

Assignment Examplee 12 workweeks of straggle in a 12 calendar month period and twenty- sixer workweeks of contribute during a single 12 month period in the instances when one has to care for a covered service member with a thoughtful injury or illness in instances where the eligible employee is the spouse of a service member or even a parent, son, daughter or next of kin.In the first video, while Mark bequeath need more time, 2 to 3 days every week for his che fussapy which push his total leave weeks to between 14-15 weeks for the year, and the fact that he will still need some time off at the end of it all, Danielle cannot do anything about extending the FMLA leave for him since the act is very clear about an employee being entitle to twelve workweeks of leave in a 12 month period.In the illustration of Lucy, the fact that she refuses to endorse the main reason for which she will require the leave makes it difficult to determine whether she will qualify. However, in the case t hat she still qualifies, then it would be difficult to allow her 2 months off if she has already exhausted his recommended 12 weeks. This will be left to the HR to determine.In the third video, the fact that the employee is pregnant makes her qualify for the FMLA leave for 12 weeks. However, since she has already used 3 weeks to take care of her mother will leave her with tho nine weeks hence her request for three more weeks could only be considered in the event that her mother was a covered service member in which case she would be entitled to twenty six workweeks of leave during a 12 month period.and Families of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, unmatchable Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, on the Implementation of the Family and Medical Leave Act, May 9, 1996. Washington U.S. G.P.O, 1996.

Human Resource Strategy Formulation Research Paper

Human Resource Strategy Formulation - Research Paper ExampleThe schooling relates to customer requirements, imaging constraints, regulatory issues, industry trends, and stockholder demands (Gary, 2009). The stakeholders in the strategy formulation process essential have knowledge of this information in order to operationalize it. The stakeholders should know to prioritize information. The information gathered has to be structured in a meaningful way in order to be actualized.The manpower in a caper is the backbone of the business, and it is necessary to have the correct team. The written reportforce in any business enterprise must have the will, knowledge and expertise to perform the duties and dispense with the desired results. They must work in unison and should work as a team rather than as individuals (Michael, 2011). The efforts, skills, and capabilities contributed by the brass instruments workforce determine the achievement of the cheek. A human resource strategy aims at unanimous the customer needs. The strategy aims at setting a direction which the workforce will follow to deliver a successful and sustainable customer satisfaction.To have a human resource that is committed to delivering its results, the memorial tablet needs to have principals laid out to be followed. The managers should be concerned about the human resource issues. The human resource of the organization should be involved in all decision making levels of the organization. To ascertain that customers are satisfied, the organization should develop a culture that ensures all members of staff are committed to the organizations performance and improvement (Chris, 2010). Also, there should be a spirit of team work, cooperation and trust for wear out performance.Human resource is the department in any business enterprise which determines the success or hardship of its operations. The human resource in any organization should be managed well and organized in a

Anheuser-Busch's social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anhe routiner-Buschs social obligation - Essay ExampleIt operates 13 breweries in the United States. Anheuser-Busch InBev is involved in the production, marketing, distribution and selling of a balanced portfolio of about 200 brands of beer (ABInBev par. 1-20). Social responsibility in Anheuser Busch Company The participation has strived to accomplish the one-third years environmental goals plan set in 2010. Since that time, the fraternity has had some notable progress. According to globular Citizenship report released in 2011, extensive context for the operation of the federation, environmental and social development goals were discussed in contingent within the context of the companys development. Social responsibility in Anheuser Busch entails environment, responsible drinking and community (ABInBev par. 1-20). The Better World Taskforce has engaged itself in energizing the stakeholders and employees in accomplishing activities on a global buttocks ranging from reducing of the water use, as well as greenhouse gas emission to the development of renewable energy programs. The company is involved in execution of extensive drinking campaigns, creation of inviolable on the job(p) environments and encouraging the employees through the volunteer programs. The Better World has been used by the company as a pillar to accomplish different goals based on the positive impact, which passionate people can fix in their determination to make a difference (ABInBev par. 1-20). Responsible drinking Responsible drinking entails move high standards in the industry that encourages responsible enjoyment of the products by the adults who are of legal drinking age. The company is adamantly opposed to any form of abuse of alcohol, including underage drinking and drunk driving. Some of the goals of the company in enhancing responsible drinking include reaching adults with the programs that will enable parents be able to communion to their children regarding underage drink ing, and providing materials for checking the ID and information on education to beer dealers to assist them in preventing sales to the minors, provision of trainings on befitting selling of the alcohol. Other goals include reaching legal-age consumers on how to increase awareness on the importance of the safe and designated ride home, investing in programs and advertisement that educates and reminding consumers on responsible drinking. Another goal includes celebrating the Beer Responsible daylight that promotes the importance of the responsible drinking (ABInBev par. 1-20). Environment The company is involved in reduction on the use of water and energy reduction of emission and generation of wastes while maintaining the quality standards. The company wholly integrates the remarkable environmental performance indicators and the global management system through the Voyager Plant Optimization that increases the efficiency (VPO) to kindle efficiency in the brewery operations, impr ove the environmental management, as well as global management system. It likewise combines the benefits of systems like Six-Sigma and ISO that are tailored towards the manufacturing processes. The environmental strategies and policies emphasize on the reduction of the environmental impacts by promoting saving of the natural resources (ABInBev par. 1-20). Community The company strengths and improves the community through charitable organizations, donations volunteer programs that for families and individuals worldwide. The

Sarbanes Oxley Research Paper Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sarbanes Oxley Paper - Research proposition ExampleThe investor of equity and money markets were under heavy scrutiny and investor had lost faith in the answerability and truthfulness of the financial data coming out on daily basis from the public corporations registered in the financial markets such as NYSE and NASDAQ. Congress and the Security and Exchange commission intervened in the built in bed by creating a in the altogether financial regulation called the Sarbanes-Oxley mold (SOX) of 2002. The Sarbanes Oxley take on purpose was to increase investor confidence by reforming accounting practices to improve accountability, auditor independence, internal controls, and executive responsibility to retard financial prank at the executive level of public companies was became punishable by jail time (Aicpa, 2008). This report analyses business line compliance, the Sarbanes Oxley Act and its ethical implications.The two congressmen who created the principles and concepts of the Sarbanes-Oxley framework were Paul Sarbanes and Michael Oxley. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act covers multiple issues which are arranged into eleven titles (Soxlaw, 2006). Out of the eleven titles six of them deal with business compliance. The five most influential parts of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 are sections 302, 401, 404, 409 and 502. Section 302 deals with the topic of corporate responsibility of financial reports. The Act mandated a series of new certification concerning newly released financial reports of public corporations. Some of the new certification protocols included the signature of the chief operating officer which this person liable in case of financial fraud, information regarding internal controls, and new auditor reports to ensure there were no untrue statement, material omission and that the reports were presented in fair manner (Soxlaw, 2006).Section 401 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act adds to the credibility of financial statements by enhancing the financial disclosur es. One of the key

Africana studies final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africana studies final exam assignment - Essay ExampleThereafter, the European powers struggled to create a sphere of influence for themselves in Africa. These European powers use various methods to acquire these colonies of which were falsehood to the Africans. They included signing of treaties between African and Europeans, which were vague and were to the advantages of Europeans. They used of force, which used military occupation, for example, Ashanti by British, use missionaries and collaboration. Economic, social and political reasons led acquisition of Africa (Shreuder 90).First, Africa came under small town for economic reasons as an option for abolition of slave trade. Europe had to have an alternative trade good from Africa. Africa was rich in minerals, fertile lands for agriculture and cheap labor. Agrarian revolution and industrialization of the mid-19th century caused European power to rethink about Africa. They requisite to increase witnesss of raw materials for their growing industries. Africa was a rich source of raw materials including iron ore, copper, palm oil, rubber and cotton. Furthermore, these European powers wanted extended markets for their manufactured goods. As consequence, they needed to expand their market in Africa. In addition to this, they wanted to have a share in African trade in gold, ivory and slaves. Some of the European powers established settlements and started cash crop gardening and livestock keeping, for example, the Dutch settled in Kenyan highlands. Other than the coast, they began to establish trade contacts with long distance traders from the interior where they exchanged items of trade. For these reasons, each European power wanted to secure or safeguard their commercial message motivations by exercising political control the over sources of raw material and markets (Okoth 44).Europeans invaded Africa for humanitarian reasons. Other than spread Christianity, missionaries came to Africa to establish schools a s means to civilize Africans and to provide health or medical

Affirmitive Action initiatives Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Affirmitive Action initiatives - Coursework Examples owe to the fact that the US has become increasingly dominated by people from the Asian and Mexican flop that have dominated the work force in the past. This has made it increasingly difficult for companies to make taboo the individuals that qualify for affirmative action.This being said, I think that biracial individuals should be counted for Affirmative Action initiatives ground on their lineage and simply not by looking at the color of their skin. This is because looking at the skin color can be deceiving. Secondly, it is important to look at the social status of the individuals. virtually biracial individuals atomic number 18 well-off and whitethorn not be in need of the affirmative action. racial individuals should also be counted based on where they come from (Korgen, 1999). This is because some of them live in highly marginalized areas and are in dire need of the affirmative action within the work place. Finally, affirma tive action should be based on the academic background of the individuals. Some biracial individuals are well educated and may not require Affirmative

Group Dynamics Negotiation Resolution and Conflict Essay

Group Dynamics Negotiation Resolution and competitiveness - Essay ExampleThis can unaccompanied be accomplished through facing up to conflicts and addressing them, or else than steering clear of them.In one situation, there happened to arise a conflict between the charge and a group of workers in a food production company. This mainly arose due to the employment foothold whereby the full time employees felt that the part time employees were favored by being paid $3 more per hour while working during odd hours. The full time workers were engaged for six hours per daylight and were entitled to employment benefits that are required by the law. This was not applied for part time workers who only worked for 3 hours in the evening (Russett 2007). This caused a conflict that led to dissatisfaction amongst the full time employees, lowering the organizational productivity.The goal of the employees was that their hourly rates be equal to that of part time workers, while the management f elt that the rationale merchant ship the arrangement was the fact that there were differences in the employment benefits entitled to the workers. Under the customary conditions both parties had to find a solution since they were mutually dependent in the work place. The management had to confirm the organizations profitability while the workers needed to maintain their job for their welfare.Group dynamics would live with affected the outcome due to differences in opinion if they could not have been addressed. The tactics used by the negotiators were focused on addressing these differences in order for both parties to understand each others berth of view. Each party went over their views and the disagreement was clear for both of them. The management began by explaining the rationale behind setting up differences in the terms of employment for the part time and full time workers. It as well as suggested the plans that were being developed in order to improve the working conditi ons of the workers, which included an extension of the paid

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 122

Assignment ExampleFirstly, I would like to express my cheer with the writing of this play. Indeed, by composing it, Euripides was out to demonstrate his literary prowess. In his writing, the author effectively utilize the element of characterization. He made a good choice of characters that would make it much easier for him to deliver his intend pass on to the audience. individually of the characters was given a name and role that perfectly suits them. They include Medea, Jason, Children, Glauce, Creon, Aegeus, Messenger, Nurse and the Tutor. Each of these played a very significant role in promoting the continuity of the play and developing its themes. The fundamental interaction between the protagonist and other characters was quite impressive. The role played by characters like Medea and Jason helped in demonstrating how the past Greek society was discriminative and bias towards the womenfolk. All these were clearly brought out by the manner in which the author empowered his c haracters. If it were not for them, the play would not have enjoyed an uninterrupted continuity.Besides, the play has adequately use the aspect of theme. In his composition, the author was very much concerned about a particular message he was intending to pass to his target audience. Apart from using appropriate characters to help in doing this, he chose a good setting that suits the play. Essentially, Corinth is one of the historical Greek cities that can be used to understand the antediluvian patriarch Greek history by shedding more light on how the Greeks interacted amongst themselves and with their gods on the twenty-four hours to day basis. With characters like Medea as a protagonist, the author would not struggle to explore the themes of position of women in the society, love, conceit and revenge. The theme of love was produced as a result of the love affair between Medea and Jason and later Jason and

Why is terrorism difficult to define Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

wherefore is terrorism difficult to define - Essay ExampleTerrorism, as Oxford dictionary describes, is (1) government by determent as directed and carried out by the party in power in France during the Revolution of 1789-94 . . . and (2) indemnity intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted. It is interesting to see that both definitions hold a common stall for those people who resort to threats and violence that is outside the expression oppositional struggle against their enemies. Although this definition is easy to understand, if we look deeper we stomach abide by that this definition is vague. The question that this definition fails to answer is How do we measure what extent of violence is considered outside the normal oppositional struggle? As we begin to understand this problem, we find that there is no objective criterion available to us to gauge what extent of violence and threat can be called as an act of terrorism. This difficulty to find what q ualifies as an act of terrorism is even more difficult since terror is used to describe a strategy rather than an act. The strategy is to send a message to the higher ups in the government that they and their policies be vulnerable, that there is common voice in the public that are against governments policies and that public has the capacitance to attack the government in case those policies arent removed. The most common type of terrorism in the world is religion related. Multitude organizations all over the globe fight to uphold their religion.

Rewrite Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rewrite - Case Study ExampleThe protection be spots encompasses biodiversity conservation. 2. It fosters the process of furnishing the economic earnings to country, the region, and the local anaesthetic community. In essence, the protected area provides resources for conservation. 3. It provides financial resources for the conservation of otherwise protected natural areas lacking tourism perhaps because they are unknown or because of their fragile bionomic balance. 4. It can make protected areas more profitable thus encourages government or private investing in the establishment of other equally protected areas. 5. It can contribute to conservation if used as a tool of environmental education that sensitizes visitors so they can learn to conveniently value Nature, and celebrate not only the area they visit but also any other natural area. 6. It gives local communities alternatives to extractive activities that damage the ecosystems and endanger the natural resources. 7. It can help conservation process in other countries that simulate the success in the neighboring countries. Objectives of the Study I. To secure and maintain the habitat and conditions necessary to protect strong species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment where these require specific human manipulation for optimum charge II. To facilitate scientific research and environmental monitoring as primary activities associated with sustainable resource management III. To develop limited areas for public education and appreciation of the characteristics of the habitats concerned and that of the work of wildlife management IV. To eliminate and foil exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation V. To deliver such benefits to people living deep down designated areas in line with the objectives of management Farwa MPA The Farwa MPA is located on Latitude 33 04 N and Longitude at 11 50 E to 33 08 N and 11 32 E (Approx) from Abu- Kama sh in the east to the Tunisian border in the west. It consists of Farwa lagoon, the largest lagoon on the Libyan coast that covers an area of 32 km2. The Farwa MPA, particularly Farwa lagoon, has meadows of Posidonia and Cymodocea sp., owing to certain economically significant species (shrimp, sponges, and fishes) as well as some endangered species that essentially make it an important area for larva and juvenile protection. In the biodiversity of Farwa MPA it is arguably easier to distinguish several economically important species and certain endangered species. Thus, it is arrogant that this area gets adequate protection. The utmost altitude of the land on both sides of the lagoon is about 2-3 m (Sand type). Furthermore, the mean annual temperature varies from one month to another owing to the recent closing of the east side of the lagoon. The minimum mean temperature in winter is 10? C whilst the maximum mean temperature in spend is 27?C. The prevalent direction and speed of wi nd is largely NW and NNW. However, a hot Confederate wind sometimes blows from the Sahara. The Meteorological conditions of the region are those of the western part of Libyan coast. In such conditions, the winter anneal extends from November to April and is normally very(prenominal) cold and rainy with unstable winds blowing from different directions. The summer season (June to September) is rather hot and dry. The wind is more stable N and NW. Incidentally, spring and autumn are very short transitional periods. The lagoon is separated from the sea by some 11-km

Writing assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing assessment - Essay ExampleMy supervisor pointed out that the logic was in particular flawed. Moreover, the essay was develop in minor ways, and there were only one or both clunky introductions from outside sources. When it came to my second assignment, I was happy to notice that the supervisor had acknowledged the fact that most of my sources were appropriate. Instead of referring to online dictionaries and other unimpressive and unreliable sources as I did in the first write up, I cited appropriately the ideas from a question work by Laurie A Couture, and provided correct bibliographic details in the last. However, some of the flaws still persisted in the second paper as well. It was marked poor or two counts for one or more tasks mismanaged and for being distinctly underdeveloped. There were also occasional gaps in logic or clarity, and there were one or two clunky introductions of outside sources. When I read the paper a second time, I too felt that I could have d one better with the ripening of the paper if I hadnt confused the notion of injustice by referring to an incident where I was distinctly misbehaving and punished as a child, though the immediate cause for punishment could not be strictly attributed to me. I could have chosen a better instance of injustice where one was at the receiving end of ruthlessness or oppression. When compared to the second paper, the first was slightly better in that it did develop the tasks reasonably well, and was underdeveloped only in minor ways. However, I will make sure that the improvement I make with regard to the sources and logical arguments. In the future, I hope to focus more on my areas of weakness in order to make faster improvement and achieve more clarity by better research and organization of thoughts.I havent made much progress with regard to the organization of thoughts. In the first paper, I was marked average for mostly coherent paragraphs, and

Nuclear proliferation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nuclear proliferation - Essay ExampleSince campaigning for office, Barack Obama has frequently mentioned that, in an ideal world, there would be no nuclear weapons. The main goal of this essay is to evaluate this and exempt why I agree or disagree with it.What I provide argue is that the possession of nuclear weapons has in fact deterred and stopped a nuclear war. In fact, nuclear proliferation does not join on the insecurity of war, it prevents it. Based on what I will argue there is, even more, chance of a major(ip) war between states if there are no nuclear weapons.In the first section of this essay, I will analyze the theories that relate to this argument of further spread of nuclear weapons. To do that I will gestate into Kenneth Waltzs theory of neo-realism and his thought on nuclear proliferation. I will also figure into the theories like security dilemma, Mutual assured destruction and nuclear deterrence. In the second section I will analyse these theories in relation t o the theoretical background. After that I will give my conclude remarks. The reference in this essay are in a Chicago style, both in the bibliography and footnotes.Neo-realism or structural realism is a theory which places emphasis on that ideology that the international system is anarchic. What is meant by this is that there is no higher government or an international police. The result of this is that states constantly try to increase their security and that is done with more power. The theory assumes that statesmen think and act in terms of self-interest delimit as power.

Policy of Containment Essay Example for Free

Policy of Containment EssayAmericans believe that if Franklin D. Roosevelt would have lived longer, that he would have been able to stem the tide of tensions between the Soviet Union and the united States. His successor lacked greatly the Talent of FDR. The new president, who was more comfortable with machine politicians than with polished New Dealers, liked to talk toughened and act defiantly. Truman complained that the U.S. Negotiations had been a one way street just ten days after he took office. He then vowed to not baby the Soviet no longer.A crisis in the Mediterranean prompted president Truman to show his colors. On February 21, 1947, amid a civil war in Greece, Great Britain informed the U.S. State department that it could no longer afford to prop up the anti-Communist government there and announced its intention to take up all aid. Truman concluded, Greece, Turkey, and perhaps the entire oil-rich Middle East would fall under Soviet control, without U.S. Interventio n.On bump into 12, 1947, the President made his argument before Congress in bold terms At the gratuity moment in world history, nearly every nation must choose between alternate ways of life One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished be superfluous institutionsand freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed on the majority And the suppression of personal freedoms. Never mentioning the Soviet Union by name, he appealed for all-out resistance to a certain ideology wherever it appeared in the world. The preservation of peace and the freedom of all Americans depended, the president insisted, on containing communism.Congress approved a $400 million appropriation in aid for Greece and Turkey, which helped the monarchy and right-wing military crush the rebel movement. Trumans victory buoyed his democraticity for the upcoming 1948 election. It also helped to generate popular support fo r a campaign against communism, both at home and abroad.The significance of what became k at a timen as the Truman article of belief far outlastedthe events in the Mediterranean the United States had declared its right to intervene to save other nations from communism. As early as February 1946, foreign-policy adviser George F. Kennan had sent an 8,000-word long telegram to the State Department insisting that Soviet fanaticism made cooperation impossible. The USSR intended to extend its realm not by military means alone, he explained, but by subversion within free nations. The Truman Doctrine described the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union as absolute and irreconcilable, as an ideological breach that resonated far beyond foreign policy. It was now the responsibility of the United States, Truman insisted to safeguard the Free military man by diplomatic, economic, and, if necessary, military means. He had, in sum, amalgamated anti communism and internationa lism into an aggressive foreign policy.The Truman Doctrine complemented the European Recovery Program, commonly cognise as the marshal Plan. On June 5, 1947 the plan was introduced in a commencement speech at Harvard University by secretary of state and former army chief of staff George C. Marshall. The plan sought to reduce hunger, poverty, desperation, and funny farm and to restore the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. Although Marshall added that our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, the plan that stupid his name additionally aimed to turn back both socialist and Communist electoral bids for power in northern and western Europe while promoting democracy through an economic renewal.The most successful postwar U.S. Diplomatic venture, the Marshall Plan supplemented the Bretton Woods agreements by further improving the climate for a workable capitalist economy, in western Europe and in e ffect bringing recipients of aid into a zygomorphic agreement with the United States. Western Europe nations, seventeen in all, ratified the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which reduced commercial barriers among member nations and opened all to U.S. Trade and investment. The plan was costly to Americans, in its initial year taking 12 percent of the federal budget, but effective. Industrial production in the European nations covered by the plan rose by200 percent between 1947 and 1952. Although deflationary programs cut wages and increased unemployment, profits soared and the standard of living improved. Supplemented by a multimedia propaganda campaign, the Marshall Plan introduced many Europeans to American consumer goods and lifestyles.The Marshall Plan drove a deeper wedge between the United States and the Soviet Union. Stalin was invited to participate but he denounced the plan for what it was, an American scheme to rebuild Germany and to incorporate it into and anti-Soviet axis that encompassed all western Europe. The president readily acknowledged that the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine were two halves of the very(prenominal) walnut.The policy of containment depended on the ability of the United States to back up its commitments through military means, and Truman invested his faith in the U.S. Monopoly of atomic weapons. The U.S began to build atomic stockpiles and to conduct tests on the Bikini Islands in the Pacific. By 1950, as a scientific adviser observed, the U.S. Has a stockpile capable of somewhat more than reproducing World War II in a single day.The U.S. Military analysts estimated it would take the Soviet Union three to ten eld to produce an atomic bomb. In August 1949, the Soviet Union proved them wrong by examination its own atomic bomb. There is only one thing worse than one nation having the atomic bomb, Noble prize-winning scientist Harold C. Urey said, thats two nations having it.The United States and Soviet Un ion were now firmly locked into the Cold War. The nuclear gird race imperiled their futures, diverted their economies, and fostered fears of impending doom. Prospects for global peace had dissipated, and despite the Allied victory in World War II, the world had again divided into hostile camps.

100 Words Essay Examples Essay Example for Free

vitamin C Words Essay Examples EssayEssay close to Red Nose DayThe purpose is to think of and change lives in the UK and Africa. The m maveny spent to aid young who live on the street and comfort lot living with domestic abuse. In Africa for vaccines etc. People make donations, people as well do something fun as games, parties, karaoke night, contests and other things and its like winning money. This program is great, I think there should be more people like them, generous y caring. This type of action I love. It is best to servicing and if it is fun and with love is better.99 wordsHer Majesty The QueenBuckingham PalaceLondon SW1A 1AAHer Majesty the Queen,My diagnose is Leslie Monserrat Martinez Hernandez, I have 16 years old, Im Mexican and I am student. Im from the state of Hidalgo Mexico but I live in Teotihuacan City of Gods Mexico, I live with my family, my dad, my mom and two younger brothers. Im going to shed about the beautiful place where I live.Teotihuacan is an archaeological site as atomic number 18 the beautiful Pyramids of the solarise and Moon and the Teotihuacan was one of the most important and ancient cultures of Mexico. The food is very tasty, very friendly people and is a quiet, well this Animal Kingdom a great zoo where the animals are free. Teotihuacan is a trance town.I say goodbye without thanking your attention.Greetings and kisses from Mexico.Essay about The British MuseumThe museum is free, open daily 10.00-17.30Friday until 20.30.In this museum one of the most important objects of the museum is the Cyrus Cylinder. This museum is very interesting and very important for the UnitedKingdom You can move over the museum by car, bicycle, subway and bus.The purpose of the museum is to share his collection with the creation. People can donate items and museum receives them in determine to make the collection bigger. I imagine this museum is very cute and very interesting because it has a change of information and objects with great meaning. 99 wordsEssay about Poppy DayRemembrance Day as well as have intercoursen as Poppy Day, because it is traditional to wear a poppy artificial. Sold by the Royal British legion(predicate) a group dedicated to helping veterans. It is a remembrance of those who died in the war so that people were free, some people prefer to wear a poppy on the left side above his heart. The first gear day of Poppy Day was in Britain on November 11th, 1921. This commemoration is very beautiful and interesting because it is a victorian touch to remind the people who gave their lives in the war. It is an example of love, respect and solidarity. ampere-second wordsEssay about St. Patricks DaySt. Patricks Day is celebrated annually on March 17 to commemorate the decease of St. Patrick, patron saint of Ireland. It is a national holiday in Ireland. Many people celebrate the feast by dressing green with Irish food, drink and parades. This festival demonstrates the creativity, professi onalism and sophistication of Ireland. The origin of this holiday is in commemoration of the arrival of Christianity to Ireland, one of the traditions of St. Patricks shamrock. This custom is very funny because I think people are going green and all the country of going green and other things that represent this special day. 100 wordsEssay about Millennium StadiumMillennium Stadium is the national stadium of Wales, where rugger and soccer practice. It is located in the city of Cardiff, capital of Wales, in the UK. There may be 74,500 people. The union construction cost of the stadium was 121 million and was built by Laing in 1999. Opened in June 1999, also the second largest stadium in the world. Its a great stadium, cool and important because it is the largest stadium second the world but to me the history of this stadium did not like, I like football but it is important for me to know him.100 words

Interest groups Essay Example for Free

Interest groups EssayInterest groups argon particular groups of individuals, which dormitory for a specific enliven in advancing their own field or discipline. In essence, these groups skunk be categorized as advocacy groups because they are created with a particular goal. They are advocating only for the advancement of their interest, and sometimes coordinate and form linkages with other institutions to further advance their advocacy. In other jargons, these groups are called mechanical press groups because of their attempt to influence or manipulate public policy for their own favor. They do it through lobbying in the congress, and sometimes even to the extent of creating party lists who go into the parliament. Each and every one of the pressure groups shares an aspiration to impinge on government policy to do well to themselves or their foundations. It possibly will be a policy that absolutely benefits faction members or one sector of participation or a policy that prog ress a broader communal reason. Interest groups are an ordinary consequence of the communities of welfare. The sector that is groundbreaking by interest groups can be farmers for land tenure or industrialization.On the other hand, the wider society can be advanced by interest through the need of better air quality. Furthermore, the surmisal on semipolitical systems includes the essential role public interest groups do in influencing polity and the economy. In addition, public interest groups influence even the heads of the states. In the changes on 20th century political relation, the presidency is impact by interest groups in the manner that if the president does not support a certain advocacy, he will be threatened not to get any support.In the recently concluded Philippine elections, the interest groups advancing the generative Health Bill greatly dictate the choice of the people. The candidates for the presidency micturate been widely scrutinized based on their views abou t reproductive health. In the end, the candidate who impressed the sector advocating the Reproductive Health Bill, including the church, emerged victorious. Other than the propaganda work performed by interest groups, they also play an important role in political elections because of their influence on the civil society.The public opinion expressed by public interest groups dictate the characteristics of the political candidates and those who conform accordingly get the most support from these groups, which is, in fact, one of the sublime features of plurality and democracy. If the choices made turned out wrong, there is always the opportunity to rectify it by right to vote again in the next election and listening to other advocacies by public interest groups.In terms of the economy, economic interest groups are omnipresent and the most well-known in every country. in that respect are accurately several of them with bureaus in state capitals from Manila to Lima to Bandar Seri Beg awan to the United States of America. There are more than a few diverse types of economic interests business groups like the Canadian Federation of freelance Business, the Confederation of British Industry, and the Nestle Corporation (Brittanica Encyclopedia, 2010). Interest groups cannot do away with the society.Whatever their advocacies are, even how politicized it may seem, the masses is the primary stakeholder. They are under the cycle controlled by the political economic sphere. The dynamism of politics includes public interest groups in it. REFERENCES Contreras, A. P. (2002). Locating the political in the ecological Globalization, state-civil society articulations, and environmental authorities in the Philippines. Quezon City De La Salle University Printing Press. interest group. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2010.Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. 19 May. 2010 http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/290136/interest-group. Marsh, D. Stoker, G. (1999). Theory and methods in political science. College of Forestry and Natural Resources Department of Social Forestry and Forest Governance reading room. Pulhin, J. M. Peras, R. J. J. (2009). SFFG 125 Part 2. Lecture. University of the Philippines Los Banos. Todaro, M. P. (1989). Economic growing in the third world. (4th ed. ). New York Pitman publishing Inc.

Troubadors Paper Essay Example for Free

Troubadors Paper EssayIt is unlikely, in this day and age, that one could be privy to likes of troubadours, as recounted in the works of Jaufre Rudel and Bernart de Ventadorn. Their works, A Love Afar and The Skylark, are similar in that they both speak of a have intercourse that for one reason or another has been unreachable to them. Rudel, in A Love Afar, is yearn for a cleaning lady he has never met, nor even seen, except has an attraction for based on the randomness he has been given by other pilgrims. My pilgrims staff and cloak might shine. Rudel professes to worship this delight in from afar, They call to mind my roll in the hay afar. His work follows the path of courtly love, which is typical of the me lose itval era. Rudel declares his devotion to his love, lief Id lie at her com soldieryd, a captive in a Moorish land. likewise typical of medieval courting, Rudel speaks of physical manifestations of the love that he seeks afar, My curse fall on that godsires hear t, whos cursed me so my love runs ill. The tenor of Bernart de Ventadorns work, The Skylark, lacks the hope that is present in Rudels writing. The Skylark, is the writing of a man who is daunted by the love that he has wooly. Alas, I thought Id grown so wise in love I had so much to learn I cant control this heart that flies to here who pays no love return. Where Rudel felt that he had been blessed by love, even announced love by God, Ventadorn has been cursed by a love that has stolen the actually life from him. Losing control, Ive lost all right to rule my lifedeep in despair. Ventadorn presents no benefit from the love he seeks or sought, whereas Rudel sees benefit even if he should die in the end. Ventadorn has been scorn by love. Ill place no trust in women though I did before Ive been there champion so its just that I renounce them evermore.Rudel has found such promise in love. That man speaks true whod say I burn for naught else but my love afar outright for no other en d I yearn, only to know my love afar. Ventadorn, however, has lost all faith in women, love, and music. Ay Now I fall in deep disgrace, a take in upon loves bridge am I No one know how that could take place, unless I dared to climb too high.Ventadorn places women on a pedestal, but perhaps realized he had done so unjustly. Ventadorns writing also suggests an adulterous nature, Wrongful it seems, now, in my view, to see a creature loves betrayed, whod seek no other good but you, then let him die without your aid. Ventadorn is so distraught that he swears off his writing and music. Tristan youll hear no more from me I set forth to wander, none knows where henceforth all joys in love Ill flee and all my songs I now forswear.Courtship during the medieval era was considered to be an art form. Both of these writings bring to mind the reckon of the Knight on a white horse, that sweeps his lady off her feet. Both pieces tell of love that is challenged by a geographical distance and love that is ultimately fated to die. Both pieces are ideal examples of solemn chivalry that was present in the courting present in the medieval era. Both pieces place the woman in a superior level to themselves.The image created by Rudel is one of passion, with no price to high, in order to reach his love. It is almost as though you can see him traveling by boat, such(prenominal) tracks and trails, such land and sea. One can almost see him battling his way to his love. Ventadorn inflictionts an image of a man who is angered and retreats to his destination, which is to be alone, as demonstrated, I say no more I silent go She gives me death let death reply. My Lady wont embrace me so I leave, exiled to pain for aye.Rudel speaks of his love as a lady, while Ventadorn speaks of his love as a Lady while expressing his love, but then reverts to women when expressing his anger and despair. Troubadors admired ladies, but feared women. Ladies were to be treasured, something to desire, while wo men were almost considered evil. Both writers seem to bring up to their loves as a method of furthering themselves and their current status.

ObamaCare is Driving a Wedge Between the Socio-Economic Classes Essay Example for Free

ObamaC be is Driving a Wedge surrounded by the Socio-Economic Classes EssayThe Afford subject C be Act is amplifying the deviation between socio-economic classes because the ACA encourages employers to raceway employee hours. The mainstream of college students hold jobs while canvass so that they can pay rent and phone bills, and occasionally go to the movies or verboten to dinner. We cross the money for these bills and happenings through bi-weekly paychecks. We work hard, usually for forty to fifty hours a week, and ar compensated respectable minimum wage. Although miniscule, it is still enough to cover the daily expenses in our lives and to pee-pee a bit leave over for extraneous items, however if hours are lost therefore this testament not be the theatrical role for us students. Big businesses for example, are often the ones who disburse paychecks to pile attending college. They offer entry-level jobs that are prospering to come by, are constantly expanding, an d have a high turnover rate. Large corporations, such as Regal Entertainment Group, Five Guys Burgers, and Petco, are savage employees hours d take in to less than thirty a week. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) supports employers to provide health insurance to employees working full-time (thirty-plus hours weekly).By sideslip thehours, people are no longer are entitled to health insurance provided by the employer. The cast down class of the U.S. economy consists of a demographic of people whose hours are being cut. A continuing objurgate of hours willing only result in more than financial burdens on the employees. Losing el tied(p) hours could mean an psyche who manages remunerative for groceries as well as car insurance with the same paycheck may have to start choosing between the two when receiving future checks. In addition to cutting hours, m both employers are passing hiring to avoid spending more money on health coverage. Robert Samuelson supports the idea that the ACAs costs and complexities are going to deter some companies from hiring, and that it would be divisive to the socio-economic classes. In Both Sides May Lose the struggle over Obama charge from October 25s Register-Guard, Samuelson states that as a result of employers not being able to soften health wish well for all employees, hours must be cut. A business only has reduce hours to under thirty a week in order to avoid paying health care. Once this cut is made, a previously full-time employee is taking home 100-200 dollars less each paycheck. This unfortunate trend will continue and even increase 15% of larger employers and 20% of small businesses plan to reduce employees hours or benefits according to a recent survey by the International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans.Small businesses manoeuvre an important role in the U.S. economy and are a strong driver of job produce and innovation. But small business are severely disadvantaged by the current U.S. health care system rela tive their larger counterparts. A new report by the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) examines the challenges faced by smaller firms under the current health care system, and the likely impacts of health care reform on small business and the workers they employ. This implicit tax disadvantages small firms in both the commercialise for the best workers and the market for their products. For example, both Trader Joes and Home Depot have stopped providing health care to half-time employees, and Forever 21 plans to cut hours and reclassify some employees as part-time. In fact, businesses all over the country, compelled by the financial strain introduced by the ACA, are making similar decisions. Once the ACA goes into effect, even more businesses will be forced by the financial reality of the Act to reduce employee hours. As the wage earning potential difference of part-time employees falls, we can expect more extreme changes to the economy.Among these changes, businesses are now exp ecting employees to find and fund their own health care. This is nearly impossible when many workers are already living below the poverty describe. disregarding of how small the premiums will be, it will still over-burden many employees. There will be times frontward when many Americans are going to have to choose between paying for their health insurance and paying a monthly bill disturbing when you consider the children and people with disabilities. Even after these employment cuts, the colour House claims that the number of part-time employees that are flavour for full-time work remained the same during the month of folk at 7.9 million employees. Jason Furman, chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advises said, We are not seeing any effect in the data. With this data being manipulated, it would appear that all of the employees that have been reassigned as part-time workers are okay with it. This is not the case businesses have until 2015 to cut hours and avoid pay ing for employee healthcare. The number of part-time workers looking for full-time work will steadily increase over the next twenty-four months the statistics need to be revisited when people are more aware of cuts that businesses are enforcing.People who fall below the poverty line will pay less for health care compared to those who are in the middle class. Based on individual/family income, people may be eligible for tax credit subsidies through state-ran exchanges. Based on household income, people are placed in different subsidy brackets. Even with the tax credits, people have no prize but to take home less money and to pay out of pocket for health insurance that they previously did not want. Many businesses have claimed they are not cutting hours, but instead are holding off on hiring because of costs caused by the ACA mandates. Employers who postpone hiring are still damaging to the economy. In fact, postponing hiring can do just as much damage, if not more to the economy tha n cutting hours. People would much rather have fewer hours at a job, than no job at all. In turn, this also increases the unemployment rate, thus driving the wedge between social classes even deeper. Any employer that cuts hours to avoid paying health insurance will create a bigger difference between the socio-economic classes. By taking away hours that an employee is able to work at a business, the employee has no choice but to take home less money in their paychecks.Earning less money reflectsdirectly on their socio-economic class, setting them farther apart from the wealthier individuals on the scale. Without resolution, cuts in full-time employment will increase the respite between socio-economic classes. It is making the poor even poorer, and separating the less wealthy from the rich even more then they already are. The economy is going to fall into a slump, people will not be able to pay car payments, nor provide adequate food for their families. What is going to happen to ou r country, the country that is based on the forty-hour workweek, if corporate business does not cease their greedy actions? Our only option is to wait and see what happens. working CitedConover, Chris. Who Can Deny It? Obamacare Is Accelerating U.S. Towards A Part- succession Nation. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 31 July 2013. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. economic effects of health care on small business. executive office of the president council of economic adviers (2009) 18. health reform . summary of the inexpensive care act (2013) 13. McVeigh, Karen. US Employers Slashing Worker Hours to Avoid Obamacare Insurance Mandate. The Guardian. The Guardian, 30 Sept. 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Myers, Lisa, and Hannah Rappleye. Obama Admin. Knew Millions Could not Keep Their Health Insurance. NBC News. NBC, 28 Oct 2013. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. Nicks, Denver. Trader Joes Explains Why Its Cutting Health Benefits For Part Timers. Swampland.Time.com. Time Magazine, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.

Reactivity series for common metals experiment Essay Example for Free

Reactivity serial for third estate coats experiment EssayAimTo see if a common coat is reactive or strong enough to replace/push out/ end other common metal from its liquid sharpen.HypothesisMy prediction will be the most reactive metal shown by the reactivity serial publication will show if the metal can displace or non the metal in the compound. For example my hypothesis in a response of Mg and Pb is that Mg being a more reactive metal in the reactivity series will displace Pb, a least reactive metal in the series. Equipment1. A chart with spaces big enough to croak with the reaction. With the names of each different metals. For obvious reasons put an x from the blossom left corner to the deficient left corner.2. A glass bigger than the chart for the paper for protection of it.3. Each solid metal and metal compound for the reaction comforting Metals magnesium (4), Copper(4), Iron(4), Zinc(4), Lead(4). Liquid Metal Compounds Copper Sulphate, Iron Chloride, Magnesiu m Sulphate, Zinc Nitrate, Lead Nitrate.4. A teat pipette.5. Another remand, hardly sm onlyer, to record data.Procedure/Method1. apprehend all required elements you are going to need, this elements are listed above.2. Put the glass on top of the table of reactions.3. Clean all metals, until they are shiny and clean.4. Place 4 times the same metal on its corresponding column and different square for all the metals(5).5. Add carefully with the teat pipette ane or two drops of the metal compound indicated directly onto the solid metal.6. Observe for changes, take into account that if the caryopsis or color are altered, it means that there has been displacement, reaction.7. Write your observations.8. Results should be written in a neat table, as tick if there was reaction, X if there was none and ? If not sure.9. Analyze and shut from your data.Data AnalysisFrom the table above, we can conclude that the most reactive metal is Magnesium (Mg), since it reacts with all the metal compo unds except itself (Magnesium Sulphate). Then will come Zinc (Zn) , reacting with 2 Metal Compounds. Iron(Fe) will be less reactive than Zn and reacting with only 1 Metal Compound. Finally the least reactive Solid Metal will be Copper and Lead, reacting with none metal compounds.Conclusion1. Write down the line of battle of reactivity you lay downBased on the graphic above the reactivity order i found3. Suggest why some squares were marked with an X on the grid.The diagonal squares in the grid from top left hand corner to lower right hand corner were marked with an X because it is pretty obvious that a metal can not displace the same metal on the compound because it has the same reactivity and atoms on the last shell in the atom. So for example, Copper will not displace Copper on the compound Copper Sulphate.4. Referring to your text book. Is there any metal that does not seem to be behaving as its position says it should? Can you find any reasons for this?Well referring to the r eaction series there are some metals i found which do not fit in the reaction series, this are Copper and Lead wellhead copper and lead should not be tied, the reactivity series show that Lead is more reactive than copper, and by this it should be first in the reactivity order.i think there are 2 possible ways to explain why this happensSince the results we did were not precise accurate and Lead and Copper are very close in the reactivity series, maybe we did not noticed the reaction of Lead or Copper, or maybe there wasnt in neither of them, well it is very possible that the reaction of them was not too noticeable to see the difference between them, but even though there was.The other possible way, could be that the metals werent very clean before we time-tested them, and so this could have altered and prevented a reaction in Lead.EvaluationIn general we did a great effort with my teammate in the lab, we applied exactly two drops of the metal compound to the metal solid, tried e very metal to be clean , but unfortunately we needed machinery to brush up every single metal but we did not had it, we just had to do our best at trying to polish them.Another problem we did had, was to handle the spaces and the arrangement of the metals within their boxes in the lab well we applied a small square to each experiment, we frequently had the metal compound spreading into other boxes, damaging the funfair results of the other experiments. One solution could be to apply bigger spaces and arrange each metal at the center of its box.

School segregation Essay Example for Free

School separatism EssayAs I manner of walking through our schools and communit concourse living and socializing where they feel it is most affordable and comfortable. Individuals in society drop dead to their own standards, producing their own living conditions. I was interested in writing about how the racial separatism came about in America at first. However, I noniced that the topic is too broad and later on designateing several articles regarding racial separationism in America, I noticed how interesting that this racial burden have caused an effect to the command system rough the soils. Schools around the join States atomic number 18 getting more(prenominal) and more heavily segregate by different races which could also cause an imbalance of income groups. For example, in new-made York metropolis, we green goddess see that the majority of the black people or minorities would prefer to live in aras much(prenominal) as Harlem or Brooklyn which relatively hav e a lower cost of living compared to Manhattan or downtown. educational requisition was once widely viewed as a result of white racism. Roberts v. capital of mammy was the first subject field to challenge segregation in unrestricted schools.Inthis case, five-year-old Sarah Roberts was barred from her local primary school because she was black, and was agonistic to travel a great distance to get to school every morning. Her father sued the city of Boston to allow his daughter to attend a school in their neighbourhood. The case was heard by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on Dec. 4, 1849. The following April, the court ruled that school segregation was constitutional. However, the clamber to end world school segregation did not end there.This example shows that educational segregation had beenaround for a long time and it is not getting any better. Besides that, it is known that public schools in one of the most racially diverse give ins in the country, New York are th e most highly segregated, with nonage and poor students increasingly isolated by race and class, according to a new trace released by a civil rights policy group at the University of California, Los Angeles. The proportion of Latino and Asian students in the state of New York nearly doubled from 1989 to 2010, but their exposure to white students in public schools decreased during that time, the report said.And as minority student sal sodaulations increased, the proportion of low-income students in those minority-majority public schools also rose, making the schools severely segregated in footing of both race and class, according to the report. This means that the children who most depend on the public schools for any chance in life are concentrated in schools struggling with all the dimensions of family and neighborhood poverty and isolation. Imagine how unfair the opportunities that these students could have gotten.Based on the Department of Education statistics looking at publi cschool enrollment in New York City within the past 20 years, it is open up that art object nearly 50 per centum of public school students in New York state are considered low-income, black and Latino students tend to enroll at schools where about 70 percent of students are low-income, while white students attend schools where 30 percent of students are low-income. Whats more, the proportion of black students attending public schools considered intensely segregated which is define as having a student body thats less than 10 percent white is on the rise.For example,the countrys largest school system which is in New York City has 60 percent of the states black public school students attend school in the five boroughs, along with two-thirds of the states Asian and Latino students but only 10 percent of New York states white students. So, how did all this segregation came about? The changing demographics in the state paired with a lack of diversity-focused policies which include subp ar transportation systems for students and restrictive admissions standards is one of the constituent that caused the increasing segregation of public school students.Integration problems also started with parents choosing where to live. They are most definitely influenced by the perception that whites system treat them equally, whether that perception is real or not, and whether its rooted in formal education or pop culture. Basically this residential segregation is defined as the physical separation of cultural groups based on residence and housing, which sorts different populations into their own sectors.The main issue of residential segregation is the wealthier white community not allowing blacks to move into their neighborhoods, which istrue in some atypical cases. However, it doesnt make sense why anyone would indispensableness to live in a neighborhood where they feel threatened or unwelcome, pertaining to the minuscule amount of neighborhoods that pipe down practice raci sm. Some real estate companies are assumed to sell certain properties to individuals based on race. Yet, this point is not valid.Buyers give real estate agents a budget for what they can afford and this is the factor that limits them to specific neighborhoods. Statistically, minorities average income is less than that of a white person. Most ofminorities such as Asian are still struggling to get a high paid job compared to the white people . Therefore, they can only afford certain size houses in particular neighborhoods.For example, in New York City, the Chinese people tend to live in Flushing and Chinatown where houses and the cost of living are relatively cheaper than other parts of the cities. In reality, people living where they can afford causes this so called residential segregation which then leads to our problem of discussion, the education segregation.I would like to research deeper on how racial inequality in America causeseducation segregation in our society today and als o why are people still stuck to this norm. I had read many interesting articles regarding education segregation which can further improve my knowledge on how economic imbalance can be connected to education segregation as well as residential segregation around the states. I will also get a better understanding on how education segregation causes inequality to the people and why is this issue still going on aft(prenominal) so much efforts had been taken via the article Still Separate, Still Unequal by Jonathan Kozol.This racial segregation in education has to be solved efficiently really soon before it gets even worst. The United States of America is blessed with people from all over the world and is one of the richest country in terms of diversity and cultures. We should be grateful that America is able to bring together people of different races and thereof should try the best to promote equality among everyone and also prevent stereotyping. It is important that the government t ry to study of a more effective way for city planning, housing development, and even school district demographics to interpret that Americas education.

The Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias Essay Example for Free

The Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias EssayJust identical Helen Keller who attempted to attain the aggrandizement of her life through her incessant perseverance, I have also been doing my best efforts to achieve constant self-reformation and to work toward my maximum self-actualization. Both Helen Keller and I share one thing in common, that is, we adhere to the equal spirit of perseverance and self-perfection. Nevertheless, there is one essential difference. What Helen Keller was trying to do was to overcome her physical predicaments and constraints so that she could behave and do things like a normal person. Being a normal person, I would like to tap my potential to the fullest possible extent so that I can achieve academic and passe-partout excellence necessary for becoming an elite of the emerging young generation. The rapidly growing Chinese parsimoniousness seems to be providing us with an unprecedented opportunity to our personal fulfillment. Under such circumstances, what we should do is to become amply prepared to embark on our journey of life, to venture into deep waters.As a matter of fact, I have already been making some of the most classic preparations for my ambitious undertaking in the future. I completed my undergrad education from 1998 to 2002 in the peculiar(prenominal)ty of marketing at the Business Administration segment of Institute of XX. Although the Institute is by no means the most prestigious one in China, I have been one of the best students in this Institute. Drawing inspirations from Einsteins assertion that diligence accounts for 99% of a persons success, I have endeavored to prove this doctrine through my concrete action.At the actually outset of my undergrad schedule, I decided that I must make maximum give of all the educational resources available to improve and perfect my intimacy. By the time I graduated, I turn up that my undergraduate life was a very rewarding one, embodied in my satisfactory academic pe rformance, weighty outside activities, a spate of honors and awards, well- started personal qualities, and recruitment by my Alma Mater. As part of my personal development, my undergraduate career was characterized by constant improvement in academic performance.By the time I became a junior, I was ranked top three in my class. My diligence, sound analytic ability and strong have-to doe with in my chosen specialty, all those factors contributed to my sustained scholastic success. Marketing is a subject that encompasses familiarity in economics, focussing, psychology and new(prenominal) disciplines. This interdisciplinary nature of marketing, plus the challenges of creative thinking that it poses to its learner, helped to strengthen my interest in it as I delved deeper into this subject.As a result, I managed to achieve quite satisfactory scores in all the core coursesBusiness Psychology, Marketing, International Marketing, Modern Enterprise Management, Public Relations, Marke t Survey and Prediction, etc. Meanwhile, benefiting from the systematic and rigorous training in economics and management, I have considerably enhanced my analytical skills, which gradually permitted me to grasp the essence of the matter amidst apparently complicated product line issues. I also started to meditate on some basis but specific problems in our economy, such as Why none of Chinese enterprises have so far failed to enter the worlds top 500? During my undergraduate program, my academic commitment did non in the least affect my extensive extracurricular involvements. On the contrary, those involvements served to develop my management capacity, interpersonal communication and teamwork. I was a journalist of our Institutes Journalism Association, insurance coverage on major campus events. I was the chief debater of our incisions Debate Team and by working closely with my tem members, we won the first prize in our Institute for twain consecutive yrs.My other extracurr icular positions included assistant director of the Study Department of the Students Union, director of the Social Practice Department of the Institutes Students Union, and a member of the Institutes Students Committee. One thing that should be disturbed is that, as director of the Social Practice Department, I successfully launched the final match of Miss net in XX Province, which was part of XX The match, designed to popularize Internet knowledge and show the prayer of the learned women students, produced quite a local sensation.As the main planner of the event, I met and overcame major challenges. I believe I pull up stakes derive lifelong benefit from this experience. To be engaged in high-altitude business management has always been my professional objective. As far as I am concerned, this contend profession is what I am most interested in, one which can allow me to apply my knowledge and expertise to face challenges. With Chinas reform toward the market economy, a large number of freehanded enterprises have been created, but over the past two decades, no Chinese enterprise can be found in the worlds top 500.An important factor is that we lack true entrepreneurs and in effect(p) ideas of modern strategic marketing and management. This situation calls for well-trained business administrators with international perspectives. An important purpose of your MBA education is to leave alone systematic theoretical support for solving various business problems while equipping future enterprise administrators with all the necessary managerial skills. In addition, I am deeply fascinated by your MBA programs competitive and international character.In my proposed program, I will continue to focus on marketing, with special emphasis on studying the advanced marketing strategies and concepts of the worlds top enterprises. It is my conviction that, against the reason of economic globalization, an international education can give me far more than the mere knowled ge and skills of business administration. As a necessary foundation for my prospective MBA program, I will have accumulated two years of work experience (from 2002 to 2004).Upon completing my undergraduate program, due to my distinguished performance in academic, extracurricular and moral conduct, I was recruited by my Alma Mater to take up a t distributivelying position as a teaching assistant while concomitantly serving as student councilor. For more than one year by now, I have been managing more than 700 students in an entire grade in XX. Although my responsibilities are not those typical of an enterprise, I have derived much pleasure of successful management in ensuring the smooth carrying into action of student life and activities, in addition to promoting my sense of responsibility and managerial expertise.Admittedly, there are important differences between the management of students and the management of employees in an enterprise, I have consciously and creatively applied my knowledge of human resource management that I learned in my management courses. This makes me realize that many theories and approaches of commercialised and industrial management can be equally effectively applied to the management of non-profit organizations to improve their carrying out efficiency. As one of the best-loved XX universities, XX University enjoys a very high prestige for its MBA education.What this University really attracts me is that your university attaches gigantic importance to group research and small-class education whereby students are allowed to collaborate with senior professors to undertake various elicit projects. I believe that this highly interactive and competitive educational model will be very appropriate for me in that it can fully draw out my potential in business management and lay a firm foundation for me to become a business management elite in China.In my proposed study, I will stick to my usual way of self-developmentconstantly transce nding my former self in pursuit of a life of sustained personal development. Just as what Helen Keller said The result of each attempt is a success, and along the ladder pieced together by each individual success, I will ultimately reach the grand altitudes in the deep of the azure cloudsthe summit of my hope.

Assess the Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Assess the Ontological Argument EssayThe ontological argument was first formulated by St. Anselm in the 11th century. It competes the earthly concern of idol from a deductive and a priori stance. perfection is a organism than which none greater raft be conceived. This is the response given by St Anselm to the fool in the psalm who believed there was no God. St Anselm the Archbishop of Canterbury and of the Benedictine Order explained that for God to exist in the mind he would not be the greatest being. However were God to exist in the mind and reality this would make a being than which none greater can be conceived, this means God must exist.This demonstration for the existence of God was immediately criticised by his contemporary Gaunilon. He turn overd that Anselms argument could easily be use to boot out the existence of many different beings or even places. In Gaunilons response on the behalf of the fool, he argued that he could conceive of a perfect island blessed wi th all manners of enamour, yet it did not mean it must exist. However, Anselm responded to this claim arguing that a perfect island contains contingency it is dependent, whereas God possesses aseity, is self-sufficient. This means that Gods existence is therefore, necessary, independent.Descartes famously wrote his version of the ontological argument in the Meditations in which he argued that God is an infinite being, perfect. For God to remain perfect he must then obey existence. He used the illustration of a triangle with three angles which all add up to clxxx degrees. This quality of the triangle allows the triangle to be perfect and to be defined as a triangle. If the angles were interpreted away from the triangle it would no longer be a triangle. This is similar as to God he could not be God if he did not exist. This proves according to Descartes that Gods existence is necessary. provided, it can be argued that the ontological argument is using an analytic format to define G od as existing. Immanuel Kant refutes this as he believes that existence as a testify or property cannot define God. For instance, the analytic literary argument a spinster is an unmarried woman is tautological and true by definition. But if you were to add the predicate existence it would have no direct effect on the statement, this means that existence cannot be a property of God.David Hume also went on to support this idea, as we cannot prove that existence is even a imperious attribute, we know that evil exists yet could this existence be the same as the existence of God? They would argue that the ontological argument failed to understand and make existence a meaning of God.However, there have been responses by other philosophers such as Frege who argues that existence is actually a first level predicate which is equal to(p) to explain the second level predicate. For instance, the honey oil of the apple is known through our senses but by adding the greenness exists we are a ble to understand that such a predicate exists in reality. This means that God exists allows us to understand that such a being as powerful as God does exist in reality as well as the mind.However from an empirical view, Thomas Aquinas would argue that the taint in the ontological arguments attempt to demonstrate Gods existence stems from the fact that Anselm wanted to argue that Gods existence can be turn up from de dicto instead of what is real, and this caused the argument to be weak. On the other hand, some will still argue that St Anselm and the ontological argument is still fuddled in the second half, God is a necessary being. This is imputable to the fact that only Gods existence can be either necessary or impossible and because it is possible, God is proven to exist.To evaluate the whole ontological arguments attempt to prove and demonstrate Gods existence, it is clear due to the deductive stance, it shouldnt be argued as the conclusion drawn must be God is a necessary be ing, God is a being than which none greater can be conceived. But as soon as you understand that definition you will find that it could be used to prove the existence of many things and beings. The ontological argument proves the idea that if God exists he is going to be a necessary being, but it does not prove that he actually does exist. Therefore as Richard Dawkins would describe it infinite, vacation spot argument and does not demonstrate Gods existence.

ITT Tech MA3110 Vocab 1 Essay Example for Free

ITT Tech MA3110 Vocab 1 EssayStatistics the science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining info, and so organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the info. Population the disposition of entirely elements to be studied. Census a collection of data from every member of the population experiment a subset of members selected from a populationVocabulary 1 Chapter 1 Section 2Statistical Significance an discretionary limit where an abide byd difference is fair assumed to be due to some factor other than pure chance. Practical significance an arbitrary limit where an observed difference is of some practical use in the real world. Vocabulary 1 Chapter 1 Section 3Parameter a numerical measurement of a population characteristic. Statistic a numerical measurement of a sample characteristic. Quantitative selective information data that consists of numbers representing counts of measurements. Categorical Data da ta that can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristic. clear-cut Data data that has a finite number or countable number of possible values. sustained Data data that has an infinite number of possible values, with no gaps in the possible values. Nominal direct of Measurement data that are qualitative only. Ordinal Level of Measurement data that can be ordered, but computational differences are meaningless. Interval Level of Measurement data that are ordinal level, and in addition having meaningful computational differences, but having no significant zero value.Ratio Level of Measurement data that are interval level, and also having meaningful computational differences, and having a significant zero value. Vocabulary 1 Chapter 1 Section 4Voluntary Response Sampling a style of sampling that incorporates non opportunity sampling methods in its research. Correlation the degree to which two or more attributes or measuremen ts on the same group of elements show a tendency to vary together.Causality the principle that nothing can retrieve without being caused. Order of Questions sometimes survey questionsare unintentionally loaded by factors of the items being considered. Nonresponse occurs when soul either refuses to respond to a survey question or is unavailable. Missing Data occurs when no data value is stored for the variable in an observation. Vocabulary 1 Chapter 1 Section 5Observational choose observe and gather data without attempting to modify the subjects. Experiment apply some treatment and then observe the effects of the treatment on the subjects. Simple Random adjudicate a sample of n subjects that is selected in a way that makes every possible sample of size n is equally potential. Random Sample a sample in which each individual member of a population is equally likely to be chosen. Probability Sample a sample in which each individual member of a population has a known chanc e of being chosen.Systematic Sample a sample selected by choosing a starting point in the list of subjects and then selecting every kth subject from that point on. thingmabob Sample a sample selected by choosing subjects that are most easily accessed. Stratified Sample a sample selected by dividing the population into at least two subgroups and then choosing subjects from each subgroup. Cluster Sample a sample selected by dividing the population into at least two subgroups, randomly selecting subgroups, and then choosing all subjects from the selected subgroups. Sampling Error error in a statistical analysis arising from the unrepresentativeness of the sample taken.

Relationship Between Freedom And Authority

Relationship Between Freedom And AuthorityIn this see I will controvert the relationship between emancipation and authority in Jean-Jacques Rousseaus essay The amicable start, and John Stuart move essay On Liberty. I will argue through my comparison of each philosopher that Mills conception of self-sufficiency is the richer and more than persuasive of the two.Rousseaus conception of independence in The Social Contract is that people attain their isolateddom through a transformation from a state of nature to well-mannered troupe. We give up our inbred granting immunity in exchange for civilized freedom. His contention is that we toilette be both free and theatre of operations to political authority Rousseau mobilises its possible to be autonomous and subject to law, when we obey those laws of which we be the author. He justifies this moulding of political authority by saying that government and laws are the will of the sovereign we give our hold for them to exist . That consent is guided by what Rousseau c boths the ecumenical will.The public will is an idea that signifies the wishes or welfares of federation as a whole. The purpose of the general will is to guide nine to a common good, to advise ball club in its creation of laws and express what is best for all individuals. The problem with the general will, Mill claims, is that it seems to reject individual diversity. Mill is worried that minorities may be oppressed if they commend differently to the majority. Considering all individuals revoked their natural casualness through the change from a state of nature to civil golf club, Rousseau thinks that society essentialiness force individuals to line up to the general will, or as he puts it, society moldiness force them to be free. He thinks that by associating ourselves with the general will we acquire morality, and actually become freer than we were before. To Rousseau, freedom is attained when one and only(a) quest afters the general will.Mills essay On Liberty is a strong counter argument to Rousseaus conception of freedom, especially regarding the general will. Contrasting Rousseau, Mills idea is not a amicable slue theory. According to Mill, in hostelry for a society to be free it must avoid interfering with the lives of its people wherever possible. The threat, as Mill sees it, is that if we subscribe to the concept of the general will then society risks becoming paternalistic, or a tyranny of the majority where minority views are supressed if they do not adapt to those of the majority.Mill thinks that society constrains the individual, and that society should be limited in the power it faeces exert over individuals he enumerates three conditions upon which society must follow in order to be free freedom of thought and liveliness, freedom of tastes and pursuits and the freedom to unite with other consenting individuals for any reason providing it does no harm to others. He says that if a society does not follow these conditions it is not free. Mill wants to avoid principles and laws as much as possible because he sees them as unnecessary constraints.The only principle that Mill does want to establish is the harm principle what he calls the physical object of his essay. The harm principle says that the only time one can interfere with the liberty of some other person, individually or collectively, is for self-protection. This principle claims that if an individual is not doing any harm to anyone in their actions, then society has no right to interfere. Over himself says Mill, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign it is the individual, and not society, who should solve how best to live.Mills conception of freedom appears to be a version of negative liberty, a typecast of freedom that allows one to do what they want free from restrictions. His freedom is the absence of obstacles, barriers or constraints. Rousseaus brotherly squash theory is a type of positive liberty, that allows citizens to act in such a way as to take control of ones life and realise ones fundamental purposes.Rousseau characterises two types of freedom in The Social Contract the natural liberty, which is limited only by the strength of the individual and civil liberty, which is limited by the general will. Natural liberty is the freedom to follow ones own desires. Civil liberty is the freedom one attains when they follow the general will.Like Rousseau, Mill talks about a type of civil or social freedom however, unlike Rousseau he doesnt speculate about a state of nature. Rather, Mill states that his theory is reassert by utilitarianism, he isnt making a comparison between a state of nature and civil society. I think this makes Mills argument more persuasive because he isnt making an assumption that we put on natural rights. Mill doesnt seem to think we have natural rights, and til now if we do, Rousseau doesnt tell us how we can actually know what t hey are. Rousseau appears to think that we have an intrinsic freedom that exists in the state of nature, and he wants to commix the individual liberty one supposedly has in the state of nature, with civil society. He thinks the way to do this is by following the general will.I think the biggest problem at the heart of Rousseaus social contract theory is the way he deals with individuals who disagree with the general will. He states that if anyone refuses to obey the general will he will be compelled to do so by the whole body which means nothing else than that he will be forced to be free. His social contract declares that if an individual disagrees with the general will, then they must be wrong, and for their own good they must be forced to conform to the general will. Mill would doubtless consider such forced conformity a tyranny of the majority because of his strong belief that indistinguishability is something that should be cherished and valued. Mill would disagree with Rous seaus notion that people should be forced to be free since he thinks its detrimental to both the individual and the majority when an alternative tone is oppressed. Rousseau on the other hand, thinks that taking up the general perspective of the community is always the right thing to do.Contrary to Rousseau, Mill doesnt think that the majority gain their power because they are infallible, entirely simply because they are the most numerous or the most spry part of the people. Mill states that silencing the expression of an vista deprives the human race. Firstly, reasons Mill, if a majority silences an opinion that is different or less popular than their own, and that alternative opinion turns out to be right, then they are depriving themselves of what is right. Almost as great a benefit to society is listening to an alternative opinion in time if it turns out to be wrong, because challenging dominant opinion pr eventidets stagnation. Stifling opinion is always a fearful thing M ill says that Absolute princes, or others who are accustomed to unlimited deference, usually feel this bonk confidence in their own opinions on nearly all subjects because their opinion is never tested. It is through this smash with error that the truth becomes stronger. Mill thinks that this process of listening to a whole variety of thought and feeling leads to a healthier cultural climate and a place of greater freedom and liberty.Rousseau might object to Mills importance of minority opinion by saying that emphasis on individuality undermines social and political obligations. That its somehow an unrealistic idea to consider everyones opinion. He says in the social contract that citizens must be forced to follow the general will, because it means society will not depend on any one person for change to occur. Rousseau says of the general will that this condition is the device that ensures the operation of the political machine. He thinks its nave to listen to a minority not only because he assumes they must be wrong, but because they prevent the political dodging from making any progress. Rousseau thinks that without the general will, a political system would be absurd and tyrannical, and subject to the most terrible abuses. However, Mill would still disagree and respond by saying that if all mankind minus one were of one opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.I think where they really differ here is that Mill doesnt think anyone can be free if theyre forced to conform to the majority, whereas Rousseau thinks conformity is necessary for liberty and best for the community- he says that every authentic act of the general will, obligates or favours all the citizens equally. He knows that its unrealistic that all citizens will agree to the general will, and so he says minorities must be forced to follow it (forced to be free). Perhaps its painfully manifes t here that Rousseau has left himself in a vulnerable position he doesnt really explain to us how one must be forced to follow the general will. Thus, theres possibly an element of compatibility between Rousseaus and Mills conceptions of freedom. If its the case that the process of universe forced to be free includes Mills notion that people should be free to debate and discuss, and providing everyones opinion is treated with respect and they are convinced, through discussion, to change their views, then its certainly possible that eventually all citizens will individually come the same conclusions about the common good of their community. Its certainly conceivable, but it seems unlikely. scour if this compatibility were to exist, Mill would object by saying that we still need a variety of opinion even if its wrong to prevent social stagnation and to challenge popular views. He would say that providing an individual is doing what they ravish by means of the harm principle, the n society has no right to demand such an active citizenship from them.Rousseau may take issue with Mills harm principle but asking what actually constitutes harm. Its obvious that physical harm is detrimental and people shouldnt be free to harm others but there are forms of consequentialism that can piece together seemingly harmonious actions, and prove that they actually have damaging effects. For instance, universal consequentialism focuses on the consequences for all people rather than the individual agent. Rousseau might say that a person may not seem to be harming another individual in their actions, but an ingenious person could follow harmful consequences for almost anything a person does.One might find themselves aroused by unlike emotions if made to choose between the philosophies of Rousseau and Mill, depending on how they feel about an issue. It seems especially difficult to feel one has to conform to the majority when they disagree with it, but of course when one is o n the side of the majority it can be hard to understand why anyone wouldnt be. The majority of climate scientists support global warming, and if one believes in global warming it seems hard to understand why anyone would reject it. If you want gay marriage but the majority doesnt, it seems crazy to think you have to conform to the general will. I think this is what makes Rousseaus and Mills conceptions of freedom so attractive to us.I find Mills argument to be more persuasive than Rousseaus because even with modifications to Rousseaus social contract, the general will seems unable to avoid a tyranny of the majority. The general will seems alike abstract to utilise without thinking of it as simply the sum of all private interests Rousseau makes it hard for us to recognize what the general will is or how to determine it, and he offers no reassurance that the majority knows what is best. He seems to be making a huge assumption that we have natural rights in the first place, but he pro vides no evidence for them.Works CitedMill, John Stuart. On Liberty and The Subjection of Women. London Penguin Group, 2006.Rousseau, Jean Jacques. The Social Contract, A new translation by Christopher Betts. New York Oxford University Press, 2008.

Decline of British Trade Union Membership: Causes

Decline of British get by core Membership CausesIntroductionThe purpose of this audition is to analyse the factors leading to rapid reject of British plow confederacy membership in the eighties and 1990s. fit to MacKenzie (cc8), conglutinations in industrialised countries befuddle faced ch in all in allenges associated with excavate market restructuring. The restructuring happened due to liberalisation and privatisation of the sectors, suppression the direct workforce and use of sub-contracts. harmonize to Armstrong (2006) the political condition and veer of economic condition with the rear of globalisation ar the major factors contributing the reassign in duty spousal relationship accomplishment and its abate of membership. There be opposite factors also, one of them, according to Machin (2000) is substance inability or unwillingness to get up the growing number of new workplaces. The introduction of HRM(human Resource Management) concept and practice at he art the organisations as observe by Taylor (2003) contributed to the introduction of employee relations as a concept that broadened the study of industrial relations from a magnetic north reduce to include wider aspects of the employment relationship, including non-unionised workplaces, personal contracts, and socio-emotional, rather than contractual arrangements. It is quite clear thither are many factors responsible for the decline of calling union membership.It is important to look at British make do union history briefly to get a perspective of its function, growth and demandingies it is face up. As Stephen Dunn (2009) observed the British trade union experienced extraordinary growth for quarter century till fifties in hurt of its membership, activities and ability to carry on collective bargaining on the backdrop of initiation War 2 and ever-changing socio-economic condition. That progress slackened down but it was tranquil growing till seventies when it again expe rienced rapid growth in its membership. The magazine after 1980s then keep to 1990s and 2000 the trade union membership experienced rapid fall and from 2000 it started stabilising with very s busted increase. The report prepared by Cockburn (2009) shows the recorded trade union membership of 7,656,156 in 2008-09, compares to 7,627,693 reported in the previous period. This indicates an increase of 28,463 members or 0.37%. The total recorded membership of around 7.6 million compares with a placard of 13.2 million in 1979. The essay will try to discuss nearly various factors responsible for the decline in membership.Economic FactorsThe British economic system saw many changes after World War 2 in terms of its growth, flexibility and approach. jibe to David Farnham (1997) in that respect are lead major changes happened in internationalistic and UKs domestic delivery since 1950s and very prominently after 1980s. First, the developing countries re structured their manufacturing i ndustries to become important exporters of manufacture and semi-manufactured goods in Europe, North America and Australasia. Second, the developed countries started moving from manufacturing to service economy thence non-manufacturing industries started growing in these countries. Third, the new emerging markets of East Europe and breaking down of Soviet trade union created new opportunities for trade. The preceding(prenominal) changes had direct impact on UK economy and resulted in declining of number of people employed in manufacturing industries by 45% from 1979 and 1996, David Farnham (1997). There was an expansion on non-manual jobs, professional jobs also the number of working people grew from 25 million in 1971 to 28 million in 1996. The above changes are formulateed on British economy and have long lasting effect on life ardor of people. It also brings more closedown in the market from external suppliers and changed the focus of British economy from expectant, natio nalised, manufacturing based economy to semiprivately owned, comparatively small and service oriented. The idea of Globalisation in mid 1980s, as described by David Farnham (1997) saw capitalism as the major globalising dynamic and constantly increasing the scale of production and consumption. The increase in trade and commerce with new markets opened new scope as vigorous as competition. The focus of the economy changed to mass educated, cheap products to meet high volume of demand and consumers aspirations. Thus British economy experienced imported products from East Asian countries which resulted in decrease of manufacturing industries in Britain. With the number of people in employment increased the ability to buy, availability of easy credit and other factors contributed developing of overall spirit standard of the people. This change in economic condition made the trade union membership little attractive and the collectiveness started eroding among members resulted in dec line of membership.Political FactorsThe British politics observed watch of dickens political parties The Conservatives and The delve between 1970 and 2000 their ideological differences were prominent in their policies. The strategy of Conservative party who was in condition from 1979 to 1997, as observed by David Farnham (1997), were influential in reducing public expenditure, cut tax revenue and state borrowing, privatised the nationalised industries and other public sectors, deregulate the economy, working towards free market, free trade, free enterprise, legislation to seize the powers of trade unions to free up labour market as well as undermine socialism in favour of individuality at work places. As Ed go (2008) observed the employers in good instal to manage was reinforced by restricting powers and activities of trade union and encouraged fluidity and flexibility within the labour market. According to Ed Rose (2008) the result is private sector employers procure gr eater find out over the work and labour suffice. In 1997 when the Labour party formed government they promised to change its conventional Labour policy, as observed by David Farnham (1997), towards promoting competition, pursue tough, efficient regulation, working as a ally to both employers and employee, fairness but no favour to the trade union and last but non the least no return to secondary action, strike without ballots or trade union law of the mid-seventies. Moreover, concomitant governments passed various legislations which curb the power of trade union and strengthen the hands of employers as well as encourage individualism over the collectivism. According to Millward (2000) and Kersley (2006), the union experienced decline of the unionised sector, collective imitation which resulted in fall of collective bargaining with pay and other issues. As observed by Taylor (2003), passably hostile treatment from the Government and the policies, legislature changes that are made to restrict trade union power and activities were responsible for trade union to lose relevance in private sector organisations and also upchuck challenge in front of trade union to lodge its functioning with the changing circumstance failing of which saw decline in membership and inability to connect with new workplaces.Industrial FactorsThe period from 1970s as observed by Ed Rose (2008), saw restructuring of British industry in terms of management style of employment relationship, increasing emphasis on communicating with workforce and workplace theatrical performance of employees. The result of these changes are adopting anti-union strategies, shifting from pluralist to more unitarist style by many private sectors. Both private and public sector organisations adopted HRM practices, strategies and models of employment engagement therefore moving away from collectivism to individualism. As observed by Kersley (2006), Milward (2000), the restructuring of British industry saw the shift from manufacturing economy to service economy, the introduction of technology, computerisation and development technology paved the way for developing specialised skills, part-time, wintry and temporary work contract which resulted evidential increase in labour market insecurity and have impact on employment relationship. Moreover, as Ed Rose (2008) pointed out with the changing economic condition and focus on cost conservation many organisations sub-contract their fringe jobs to small or other organisations and only concentrate on core activities thus number of employees within the organisation has substantially decreased resulting decrease of employees bargaining power within the organisation. The occupy for employing multi-skilled employees also reduced the dependence on circumstantial employee to complete a task thus decreased the level of job security among employees resulting shift of balance towards employers control more than the employees.Trade Unions Internal FactorsAccording to Curran (2006), the trade unions become too institutionalized which prevents it from progressing rather tied up in its own structure with the control power to the full time management of the Trade Union. According to him trade union leadership suffered complacency and forgot to remind people the good work of trade union movement and lot still gage be done for those who are being exploited by organizing collective bargaining. Moreover, trade union failed to create connection with the new immigrant workers who would have been highly benefitted from trade union support as they were recruited for low skilled, low paid and most of the times were exploited. He observed that trade unions failed to recognize and adapt itself with the change that the rules of order experienced due to political, economical and the effect of globalization. The trade unions need to understand that they have to adapt and organise its function according to the need of the view, the advent of technology, prosperity and disposable income has changed the lifestyle of the trade union members but as an organization Trade Union failed to adopt itself with that change and got stuck with the philosophy, style and ending of trade unions foundation time. Moreover, many large Trade Unions still struggle to get rid of their Masculinity culture when the reality is almost 40% of the working population are women and it is difficult for the women to become member of trade union and associate with its day to day activities. As observed by Bob carter(2004), the Trade Union need to redirect recruitment of members who are in part-timers contract of employment change bargaining priorities to reflect part-timers concerns and to change union organization and representation to facilitate participation by part-timers. It is quite evident from the above discussion that trade unions failed to change its priority and redesign its role to suit with the changing world and thus it became somewhat irrelevant to some members which directly reflected in decline of membership.Future of Trade UnionThe portent of future of Trade Union membership and prospect is difficult but can only be done based on past experience, available data and survey results. According to Ed Rose (2008), the evidence shows that there is very less likely the New Labour Government will change the direction of policies towards empowering and giving more authority to the trade unions. It is evident that the balance is more towards the Employers than trade union in controlling employee relationship. Moreover, the specialist skills of managers to deal with employer engagement, various legislations passed to provide more provisions and empower individualism and limiting collective bargaining are the clear indications of limiting trade union roles and powers in future. According to Kersley (2006), the change in giving standard contract to the employees and increase of special kind of contracts like con sultancy, fixed term, term time, temporary, part time also private organisations support to non-unionised organisations and modify individual employee engagement curriculum as well as government legislations to support individualism are some of the biggest hindrance towards improving Trade Union membership.According to Ed Rose (2008), the prospect of increasing Trade Union membership looks bleak but analysing the present agency of increase in unemployment, increase of women membership in trade union as revealed from recent surveys and the indications are there that this trend is going to continue as well as the growing general perception among employees that employers are responsible for unfair treatment at workplace may help to improve the situation of trade union membership. There three strategies as suggested by Ed Rose (2008) could change the situation of decreasing Trade Union membership are military service Model, Partnership Approach and Organising Model to suit with the changing economic, political and industrial conditions. According to these models the Trade Union need to give service to its individual member by devoting more resources to the enforcement of their rights, be a partner with the employers to achieve competitive advantage for the firm and add values to the service provided as a trade union and last but not the least to organise support for the workforce to solve conflicts and prolong a strong presence throughout. The above models may be theoretically looks good but there are contradictions and depends how well they are executed as well as perception of the role to all the stake holders. There can be element of low level of trust between employers and Trade Union on each other as Partnership Approach can contradict Organising Model. The entirely situation of maintaining relationship with both employers and employees can be very difficult if the interest of employees and employers on specific issues are vastly different and in that situation it can be difficult for trade union to follow the above models as this can be perceived as contradictory to each other.According to Peter Wilby (2010), with the growing globalisation and the organisations tendency to move to the countries with cheap labour and favourable business environment, legislation, it is the time for the trade union to think globally as well as strengthening their local root to strengthen the trade union movement. The trade unions should create a global Union to stop exploiting labour cause anywhere in the world and thus fight for the jobs for local people. It is important for trade union for its own survival to organise movement for local people and working proactively to increase membership, more reliant on its own strength and less dependent on political party like The Labour party introducing favourable legislation to empower Trade Union. According to Curran (2006), trade union should realise that changing its culture and style is not a threat to its values rather a way to sustain its principles of maintaining equality, liberty and solidarity at workplace. The growing trend of capitalism in the society creates hour glass situation in organisations where some people at top are enjoying all the benefits and those at the bottom are struggling and their family is experience stress and low prospect of development. This economic condition and stress to fulfil both demand to maintain good lifestyle and the realisation by trade union to change its style of functioning will help to improve the prospect of improving trade union membership in next five years. though it is difficult to predict if it will able to touch its peak in terms of membership but it will definitely be able to improve current situation in terms of membership.Toyota Corporate loving ResponsibilityToyota Corporate Social ResponsibilityThe history of Toyota ride sight (TMC) which is a Japan based-company begins when it is established at 1937 by the founder, K iichiro Toyoda. (Toyota motor Corporation n.d.) Since then, the company has started to come forth into the industry of automobile manufacturing until now. As of today, Toyota is one of the worlds leading company manufacturing vehicles and parts. In order to move degenerate to keep pace with other competitors and to maintain its position and theme in the business, Toyota has practiced the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy which is Contribution towards Sustainable education. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) With this policy, Toyota does not only concentrate in maximizing its profit as they also contribute in taking care of the welfare of the society and the environment. Nowadays, most of the consumers are highly educated and environmentally conscious as they are demanding for more than on the nose a high quality or a reasonable price product. Therefore, Toyota has to make sure that they can balance up the take of the society and consumers. Besides producing high quali ty vehicles, Toyota also has to respond to the environmental issues which have been occurred.In this new era, Toyota is taking every steps and precautions to protect the environment. They may proclaim that they have done good to the society by implementing some policies or concepts such as the introduction to the crown of thorns cars. But how far could they go? superstar of the good examples is when Toyota Prius was first launched in 1997. Many has criticized and questioned somewhat the Priuss green concept which uses the hybrid system. Production of hybrid cars is one of the responses of Toyota towards the issue of global warming and the limits of fossil supply. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) In producing this car especially the battery itself, it very causes more harm to the environment. One of the biggest concerns about this car is that Prius battery contains nickel metal hydride. (Prius Outdoes Hummer in Environmental terms 2007) base on the newswire, the nickel is min ed and smelted at a plant in Sudbury, Ontario which leads to environmental damage to the surrounding area. This has nurture leads the NASAs astronaut trainees to practice moon rovers around the Sudbury plant which is badly destructed. (Prius Outdoes Hummer in Environmental Damage 2007) Also, there are many critics who comment on the shipping footprint of the nickel battery. The smelted nickel from Sudbury is shipped to Wales for refinery and to be made into nickel foam at China. The completed batteries which are made in Japan would be then shipped to United States when the car is ready. (Hodges 2009) This has creates doubt about Toyotas environmental aspect as the production process of the battery is not helping in reducing emissions but in fact, the shipping process has already consumed a lot of fossil fuels which would lead to air pollution.Back in 2003, Toyota is questioned about its philosophies towards green environment. Toyota is facing a lawsuit from The Department of Justic e and the Environment Protection Agency for violating Clean Air Act. (BJS, 2003) Upon Toyotas coat for Certificates of Conformity, it has claimed that Toyota has sold 2.2 million vehicles which were different from the statements in the application. According to the United States government, Toyota has failed to disclose limitation in the operation of the on-board diagnostic system that checks for leaks in vehicles. (BJS, 2003) Because of the leakage problem, Toyota is involved in causing pollution as fuel that evaporations into the air would lead to the ozone pollution. Due to this matter, the consumers of Toyota vehicles do not know that they are actually indirectly involved in polluting the environment. Another case which leads to a doubtful thought about Toyotas environmental kindly principles is when Toyota is sued by California at year 2006. (Glaister 2006) Toyota and several other automakers are to take the blame for producing large amount of vehicles that releases huge qua ntities of carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming. According to the states Democratic attorney general, global warming is bringing harm to Californias economy, environment, public health and agriculture. (Glaister 2006) Though Toyota is making revolution by producing hybrid cars and building more fuel-efficient vehicles, Toyotas image and reputation are blemished by the lawsuits that it faced before.In spite of the criticism of the nickel battery and the lawsuit cases against Toyota, the company has actually poured a lot of effort in protecting the environment. Based on Toyotas sustainability concept, it has focused on three areas comprise of technology, manufacturing and social contribution. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) Research and Development (RD) is categorized in the area of technology and one of the RD that Toyota has created is that they have engineered its own flower species. (Merchant 2009) The carbon dioxide released by its Prius assembly operations is offs et by this new plant species. The flowers are derived from the cherry sage and gardenia which helps to clear nitrogen oxides and to reduce the heat of the atmosphere. (Merchant 2009) Toyota should be praised because it has discovered something special in those flowers. Both the flowers have ridiculous characteristics as the sages leaves can absorb harmful gases whereas gardenias leaves can reduce the temperature of the factorys surroundings by creating water vapor in the air. (Blackburn 2009) With this, Toyota can concentrate in finding and doing research in advanced technology to produce hybrid cars as they have found a greener way to reduce the emissions of the manufacturing process. This also has shown that Toyota has gone beyond their industry area to look for alternatives and new innovations to preserve the environment. Their action would definitely build up its reputation and image among the stakeholders especially the consumers.In committing towards sustainable development, Toyota is also taking initiatives to develop the manufacturing process through a greener way. It cannot be denied that Toyota is actually polluting the environment during the process of manufacturing and producing the vehicles and car batteries. Hence, Toyota is designing and manufacturing its vehicles based on the concept of three Rs which consists of reduce, reuse and recycle. (Toyota Europe n.d.) Toyota has been manufacturing vehicles with recyclable materials as cars are actually built by plastics that are difficult to be recycled. Therefore, Toyota has created Toyota Super Olefin Polymer which is a special recyclable plastic to make car bumpers and other parts. It can then be recycled and used for many times. (Toyota Europe n.d) Besides, Toyota also has indirectly encouraged the consumers and dealers to be involved in recycling program. For example, each of the battery of the Prius car has a phone number on it to ensure every battery goes back to Toyota for the purpose of recy cling it and dealers are to be paid $200 for each battery. (Richard 2005) Other than that, Toyota has also stepped in further in the area of recycling. For instance, Toyota has built up a waste collection systems. It is for the purpose of retrieving used parts such as tyres, batteries and oil filters from European dealers to bill them back for recovery. (Toyota Europe n.d.)In order to contribute to the society, Toyota has involved in various environmental activities. One of them is shown by Toyotas support of Planet Arks internal corner twenty-four hour period. National Tree Day is one of the Australias biggest community tree planting events which falls on supercilious 1, 2010. (Tree Day n.d.) It is a special day where all the Australians would gather around to join this event. All of them are working towards the same motive which is to lending a helping hand to plant and to care for native trees and shrub to improve the environment they live in. (Tree Day n.d.) Toyota has dem onstrated its concern and care for the environment by joining this event. Toyota has been supporting Planet Ark and National Tree Day since 11 years ago. (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited n.d.) Ever since Toyota joins this event, its partnership with Planet Ark and National Tree Day are being appreciated and they are working in a collaborative way. All Toyotas dealers, staffs and brand ambassadors are being encouraged to participate and to support this special day. Their supports can be shown by Toyotas contribution of planting almost 15 millions of trees to reduce the effect of global warming. . (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited n.d.) This action is a good example and role model for society as Toyota would influence the society to contribute to National Tree Day as well.As an automobile manufacturer, Toyota is facing challenges and obligations day-by-day throughout the whole process of a vehicle starting from the development until the disposal stage. In my opin ion, it is not easy to be one of the largest companies. For instance, Toyota has to face pressures given by the government, stakeholders and the society to fulfill and to respond towards their needs for a better product and a better environment. It has been a tough and long journey for Toyota to achieve what they have now because throughout its companys history, they have been criticized and many comments have been given which are against their every action. Though they might not be a hundred percent environmental friendly company, they are actually giving a large proportion of contributions in helping the society to achieve a healthier environment. Which automobile company can be a fully hundred percent based environmental friendly company? I doubt there are any companies who can successfully do so. All in all, every company including Toyota needs to fulfill their responsibilities towards the society and environment in order to have a better life and world. Our future generations are very much depending on their actions which are taken today.BJS. 2003, March 11. U.S. settles Clean Air Act case against Toyota. Web log post. http//scienceblog.com/1196/u-s-settles-clean-air-act-case-against-toyota/ (accessed August 8, 2010)Blackburn, R. 2009. Car maker develops its own flower species. Drive. http//www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=66761vf=1 (accessed August 10,2010)Glaister, D. 2006. California sues car firms for global warming. The Guardian. http//www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2006/sep/21/usnews.travelsenvironmentalimpact (August 10,2010)Hodges, A. 2009. Toyota Prius Battery Harms Environment. NewsOXY. http//www.newsoxy.com/articles/toyota-prius-battery-harms-environment.html (accessed August 8,2010)Merchant, B. 2009. Toyota Engineers New Flower Species to Absorb Emissions at Prius Factories. TreeHugger. http//www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/toyota-engineers-new-flower-species-absorb-emissions-prius.php (accessed August 10,2010)Prius Ou tdoes Hummer in Environmental Damage. 2007. EV World, n.d. http//www.evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=14582 (accessed August 7, 2010)Richard, M.G. 2005. Should we be Worried About Hybrid-Car Batteries? 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